1/28/2004   slide 39
Are all Visual Signs Truly Conventional, Like Words, Requiring a Code?
•Gombrich (a la Gibson): “If the image involves a code, it is not an arbitrary or conventional one, but something like a biological program: ‘our survival often depends on our recognition of meaningful features, and so does the survival of animals.’ [lc20 in Iconology p 80] [more discussion of this idea in next lecture]
•Barthes
–“The Photograph belongs to that class of laminated objects whose two leaves cannot be separated without destroying them both: the windowpane and the landscape…”p6, Camera Lucida
–“The photographic image. . . is a message without a code.” Camera lucida
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While much of our grasp of reality may be mediated by language, and while many visual “signs” may be arbitrary and require a learned code to decipher, this may not be true of all visual material.

Our position is that that is too extreme and that all representational images are a combination of some degree of non-culturally based interpretation by the eye-brain system,  and some amount of interpretation based on our culture, background, experience of both creator and viewer

We process reality, including real 3D world, not just images, to extract useful meaning.

Processed both by biology and by our experience/context
Starting the image itself some convex linear combination of our construction through our system and what in our systems in the first place, the image itself convex linear combination of reality and what the author put there.

Nature: still have your biological perception construction as well as social contract—but not author intent issues…

Author constructs an artificial reality which can range from 3 pebbles stacked on top of each  other (Zen art, Japanese garden) to pencil sketch caricature in 30 sec to Mona Lisa to VR in Cave . Different tools produce different imagery. Range from as realistic as possible—to point where they can fool perceptual system. To completely unreal and iconic—Guernica, all symbolic.

We believe always is a code, but not always a symbolic code—no one trying to symbolize anything. First see it naked without that code. If told come up with interpretation, cog system can go into overdrive and if trained in art of interpreting imagery can come up with all kinds of conjunctures.

Reality: there isn’t one reality—landscape at night in full moon, different from same landscape during day time. Changes over time even when nothing moves except light.

To go back to Plato—we’re still in the cave—not seeing things directly but always working through our perceptual system and cultural context. [Greenberg vs. avd seeing fall colors]. Reality out there, but we are not nec seeing things the same way.

http://www.epiphyte.ca/photos/nature/20020824_190555.jpg