English to Welsh Lexicon

<HEAD> <LINK rel="STYLESHEET" href="./main.css" type="text/css"> <TITLE>English to Welsh Lexicon</TITLE>  </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR=white> <P> <H1><A NAME="English to Welsh Lexicon">English to Welsh Lexicon</A></H1> <DIV CLASS=TOC><B>Contents:</B><UL> <A HREF="#A">A</A> <A HREF="#B">B</A> <A HREF="#C">C</A> <A HREF="#D">D</A> <A HREF="#E">E</A> <A HREF="#F">F</A> <A HREF="#G">G</A> <A HREF="#H">H</A> <A HREF="#I">I</A> <A HREF="#J">J</A> <A HREF="#K">K</A> <A HREF="#L">L</A> <A HREF="#M">M</A> <A HREF="#N">N</A> <A HREF="#O">O</A> <A HREF="#P">P</A> <A HREF="#Q">Q</A> <A HREF="#R">R</A> <A HREF="#S">S</A> <A HREF="#T">T</A> <A HREF="#U">U</A> <A HREF="#V">V</A> <A HREF="#W">W</A> <A HREF="#Y">Y</A> <A HREF="#Z">Z</A></UL> </DIV><HR> <DIV CLASS="revision"><CENTER><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="ChangeLogFiles.html#English to Welsh Lexicon">Revision 1.5</A> of this page, last updated on <A HREF="ChangeLogDate.html#2003/02/20">2003/02/20</A>. <BR> (C)opyright 2003 Mark H. Nodine </FONT></CENTER></DIV><P> The <A TARGET=_top HREF="Legend.html">legend</A> with the abbreviations and conventions can be found in another file. <BR> There are 18778 unique entries in this lexicon, 1694 of which are phrases. <P> Special thanks to Geraint Jones (Rhydychen) for his many comments differentiating the various senses of Welsh words that can be obtained from the same English word. <H2><A NAME="A">A</A></H2> <PRE> aback - (adv.) yn o+l taken aback - (adj.) wedi synnu abandon - (v.) gadael (gadu) [gadaw-; 3.s. gedy, gad; 2.s.imp. gad; 3.s.pres.subj. gato], rhoi'r gorau i { You "gadael i" a person. } abandoned - (adj.) afradlon, ofer abase - (v.) darostwng [darostyng-], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], iselhau (iselu) [isel- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, isel-] abash - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] be abashed - (v.) yswilio [yswili-] abate - (v.) gostegu [gosteg-], gostwng [gostyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gostwng], lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] abattoir - (n.) lladd-dy [lladd-dai, m.] abbacy - (n.) abadaeth [-au, f.] abbess - (n.) abades [-au, f.] abbey - (n.) abaty [abatai, m.], mynachlog [-ydd, f.] abbey-land - (n.) abatir [-oedd, m.] abbot - (n.) abad [-au, m.] abbotship - (n.) abadaeth [-au, f.] abbreviate - (v.) byr.hau [byr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], talfyrru [talfyri-] abbreviation - (n.) talfyriad [-au, m.] abdicate - (v.) ymddeol [ymddeol-] abdomen - (n.) bol (bola) [boliau, m.], ceudod [m.] abdominal - (adj.) perthynol i'r bol abduct - (v.) dwyn ymaith drwy drais Abergavenny - (prop.n.) Y Fenni aberration - (n.) cyfeiliorn [-au, m.], gwyriad [-au, m.] abet - (v.) ategu [ateg-], cefnogi [cefnog-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-] abeyance - (n.) dirymedd dros dro abhor - (v.) casa/u [cas- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], ffieiddio [ffieiddi-] abhorrence - (n.) atgasedd (atgasrwydd) [m.], ffieidd-dod [m.], ffieiddrwydd [m.] abide - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef], trigo [trig-] { <B>Aros</B> is abide as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A> meaning dwell. } { <B>Goddef</B> is abide as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. It is "abide" as in "I cannot abide this." } { <B>Trigo</B> is abide as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A> meaning dwell. } abiding - (adj.) ar.hosol, gwastadol ability - (n.) abledd [m.], gallu [-oedd, m.], medr [-au, m.] abject - (adj.) dirmygedig, distadl abjure - (v.) gwadu ar lw, ymwrthod a+ ablative - (adj.) abladol ablaze - (adj.) gwenfflam ablaze - (adv.) ar da+n able - (adj.) abl [abl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], galluog be able - (v.) dichon [def.], gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } { <B>Dichon</B> expresses an abstract sort of potentiality: it is usually translated as if it were the adverb "perhaps" (= it might be that). "Fe ddichon fod": it might be (that). There is a school of thought that says that "dichon" is archaic; since I use it myself I do not subscribe to this. } be able to - (v.) gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } ablution - (n.) golchiad [-au, m.], puredigaeth [f.] abnegation - (n.) hunanymwadiad [m.], ymwadiad [m.] abnormal - (adj.) anghyffredin, annormal aboard - (adv.) ar fwrdd abode - (n.) anheddfa [anheddfeydd, -oedd, f.], anheddfan (anheddfod) [mf.], anheddle [aneddleoedd, m.], annedd [anheddau, mf.], ar.hosfa [arosfeydd, f.], cartref [-i, -ydd, m.], cartrefle [-oedd, m.], preswyl (preswylfod) [m.], preswylfa [preswylfeydd, f.], trigfa [trigfeydd, f.], trigfan [-nau, f.] abolish - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-] abolition - (n.) dilead [m.] abominable - (adj.) ffiaidd abominate - (v.) ffieiddio [ffieiddi-] abomination - (n.) ffieidd-dra [m.], ffieiddbeth [-au, m.] aborigines - (n.pl.) cyn-drigolion abort - (v.) erthylu [erthyl-] abortion - (n.) erthyl [-od, m.], erthyliad [-au, m.] abound - (v.) amlhau [aml- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], heigio [heigi-], ymhelaethu [ymhelaeth-] about - (adv.) o ddeutu, oddeutu argue about - (v.) dadlau am beat about - (v.) bwhwman [bwhwman- ?] buffet about - (v.) bustachu [bustach-] debate about - (v.) dadlau am forget about - (v.) anghofio am hear about - (v.) clywed am I'm sorry {about} - (interj.) Mae'n chwith gen i {am}, Mae'n ddrwg gen i {am} remember about - (v.) cofio am round about - (adj.) cwmpasog round about - (prep.) o amgylch say about - (v.) dweud am speak about - (v.) dweud am, siarad am stand about - (v.) sefyllian [sefylli-] talk about - (v.) siarad am, so+n am tell about - (v.) dweud am think about - (v.) meddwl am toss about - (v.) rhwyfo [rhwyf-], ymrwyfo [ymrwyf-] walk about - (v.) ymrodio [ymrodi-] what about? - (inter. pron.) beth am? worry about - (v.) pendroni am about - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], o amgylch, o gwmpas, oddeutu, ogylch, parthed, tua (tuag), ynghylch { <B>Am</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { <B>O amgylch</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>O gwmpas</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>Oddeutu</B> is "about" in the sense of "approximately", as in "he is about six feet tall". } { <B>Ogylch</B> is "about" when you surround something. } { <B>Parthed</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { <B>Tua (tuag)</B> is "about" in the sense of "approximately", as in "he is about six feet tall". } { <B>Ynghylch</B> is "about" when you talk about something. } { The "tuag" form is used before vowels. } above - (adv.) fry, uchod { <B>Fry</B> is an absolute sort of "above": a long way up, aloft. } { <B>Uchod</B> (the opposite of "isod") is relative to here. References to places in a list might be "uchod" or "isod" (above or below here). } above all - (adv.) yn anad, yn anad dim above - (prep.) goruwch, uwch, uwchlaw abrade - (v.) ysgraffinio [ysgraffini-] abridge - (v.) byr.hau [byr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cwtogi [cwtog-], talfyrru [talfyri-] abridgment (abridgement) - (n.) talfyriad [-au, m.] abroad - (adv.) allan, ar daen, ar led abrogate - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-] abrupt - (adj.) diswta, disymwth, serth, swta, sydyn abscess - (n.) casgliad [-au, m.], cornwyd [-ydd, -on, m.], crug [-iau, m.], crynhofa [crynhofeydd, f.] abscond - (v.) dianc (diengyd; dihengyd) [dihang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, diang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dianc], rhedeg i ffwrdd absence - (n.) absen [-nau, mf.], absenoldeb [m.], absenoliad [-au, m.], absenoliaeth [-au, f.] { <B>Absenoldeb</B> is the usual word for "absence". } absent - (adj.) absennol absent oneself - (v.) absennu [absenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] absent - (v.) absenoli [absenol-] absolute - (adj.) cwbl, diamodol, hollol absolute - (n.) absolwt [m.], diamod [m.] absolution - (n.) gollyngdod [m.], maddeuant [maddeuannau, m.] absolve - (v.) absolfennu [absolfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absolfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], gollwng [gollyng-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gollwng], maddau [maddeu-], rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { You cannot use a person as the direct object of "maddau"; a person is always an indirect object and is introduced with "i". Thus, you would "maddau pechod" (forgive a sin), but say "maddewch i mi" (forgive me). } absorb - (v.) amsugno [amsugn-], llyncu [llync-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. llwnc], sugno [sugn-], sychu [sych-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. sych], yfed [yf-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. yf] absorption - (n.) amsugniad [m.], sugniad [m.] abstain - (v.) ymatal [ymatal-; 3.s. ymetyl; 2.s.imp. ymatal], ymgadw [ymgadw-], ymwrthod [ymwrthod-] abstain from - (v.) ymatal rhag, ymgadw rhag, ymwrthod rhag abstain totally - (v.) llwyrymatal [llwyrymatal-], llwyrymwrthod [llwyrymwrthod-] abstainer - (n.) dirwestwr [dirwestwyr, m.] abstemious - (adj.) cymedrol, sobr abstention - (n.) ymataliad [-au, m.] abstinence - (n.) dirwest [-au, m.], ymataliad [-au, m.], ymwrthodiad [m.] abstinent - (adj.) cymedrol, sobr abstract - (adj.) dansoddol, haniaethol abstract - (n.) crynodeb [-au, m.] abstract - (v.) crynodebu [crynodeb-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] abstraction - (n.) haniaeth [f.], synfyfyrdod [m.] abstruse - (adj.) astrus, dyrys, tywyll [f. tywell] absurd - (adj.) afresymol, gwrthun (gwrthfun) absurdity - (n.) gwrthuni [m.] abundance - (n.) abledd [m.], amlder (amldra) [m.], cyflawnder [m.], cyfor [m.], digonedd [m.], digonolrwydd [m.], helaethrwydd [m.], llawnder (llawndra) [m.], rhysedd [m.], toreth (toraeth) [f.], wmbredd [m.], ysto+r [ystorau, m.] abundant - (adj.) aml (amal) [aml- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], dibrin, digonol, helaeth, toreithiog weep abundantly - (v.) wylo yn hidl abuse - (n.) camddefnydd [m.], difri%aeth [f.] abuse - (v.) cam-drin [cam-drini-], camarfer [camarfer-], camddefnyddio [camddefnyddi-], difenwi [difenw-], difri%o [difri%-], dilorni [dilorn-] abusive - (adj.) tafotrwg abut - (v.) cydio [cydi-], ffinio ar, ymylu ar abutment - (n.) ateg [-ion, f.], pentan [-au, m.] abysmal - (adj.) affwysol abyss - (n.) agendor (gagendor) [mf.], annwn (annwfn) [m.], mo+r-gerwyn [f.], y dyfnder academic - (adj.) academig (academaidd), athrofaol academical - (adj.) athrofaol academy - (n.) academi [m.], athrofa [-+u, athrofeydd, f.], ysgol [-ion, f.] accede - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-], cytuno [cytun-] accede to - (v.) cydsynio a+, cytuno a+ accelerate - (v.) chwimio [chwimi-], cyflymu [cyflym-] accelerator - (n.) chwimiadur [-on, m.], ysbardun [-au, mf.] accent - (n.) acen [-ion, -nau, f.], acennod [-au, f.] { <B>Acen</B> is the kind of accent that lets people know where you are from. } { <B>Acennod</B> is the kind of accent that appears above a letter. } accent mark - (n.) acennod [-au, f.] foreign accent - (n.) llediaith [fm.] secondary accent - (n.) adacen [-ion, f.] accent - (v.) acennu [acenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, acen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] accented - (adj.) acennog accentuate - (v.) acennu [acenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, acen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pwysleisio [pwysleisi-] accentuation - (n.) aceniad [-au, m.], acenyddiaeth [f.] accept - (v.) cymryd (cymeryd) [cymer-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymer], derbyn [derbyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. derbyn], derbyn yn gymeradwy, hwde (hwre) [def.; 2.s.imp. hwde, hwre; 2.p.imp. hwdiwch, hwriwch] acceptable - (adj.) cymeradwy, derbyniol acceptor - (n.) derbyniwr [derbynwyr, m.], derbynnydd [derbynyddion, m.] access - (n.) acses [mf.], dyfodfa [dyfodfeydd, f.], dyfodiad [-au, m.], mynediad [-au, m.] { <B>Acses</B> is the kind of access related to a fever. } accessible - (adj.) hawdd nesu at, hygyrch { The "at" needs to reflect the gender and number of the thing modified; i.e., either "ato", "ati", or "atyn". } accession - (n.) esgyniad [-au, m.] accessory (accessary) - (adj.) affeithiol, atodol, cyfranogol, cynorthwyol accessory (accessary) - (n.) affeithiwr [affeithwyr, m.], cefnogydd [-ion, m.], cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] accidence - (n.) ffurfiant [ffurfiannau, m.] accident - (n.) damwain [damweiniau, f.] accidental - (adj.) damweiniol acclaim - (v.) bloeddio cymeradwyaeth acclamation - (n.) bloddest [-au, f.], cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] acclivity - (n.) rhiw [-iau, f.] accommodate - (v.) cymhwyso [cymhwys-], lletya [llety-] { <B>Lletya</B> is to accommodate as in to put up for the night. } accommodation - (n.) lle [-oedd, -fydd, m.], llety [-au, m.] accompaniment, musical - (n.) cyfeiliant [cyfeiliannau, m.] accompanist - (n.) cyfeilydd [-ion, m.] accompany - (v.) cyfeilio [cyfeili-], hebrwng [hebryng-] { <B>Cyfeilio</B> is to accompany in a musical sense. } { <B>Hebrwng</B> it accompany in the sense of go with someone. } accomplice - (n.) cynorthwywr mewn trosedd accomplish - (v.) cwblhau [cwbl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyflawni [cyflawn-] accord - (n.) cydfod [-au, m.] accord with - (v.) cydweddu a+, cytuno a+ according to - (prep.) yn o+l of one accord - (adj.) cytu+n own accord - (n.) gwirfodd [m.] accord - (v.) cydweddu [cydwedd-], cytuno [cytun-] accordance with, in - (prep.) yn unol a+ accordingly - (adv.) felly, gan hynny accordion - (n.) acordion [-au, acordiynau, m.] accost - (v.) cyfarch [cyfarch-] account - (n.) adroddiad [-au, m.], cyfrif [-on, -au, m.], hanes [-ion, m.] { <B>Adroddiad</B> is the kind of account you give when you tell about some past experience. } { <B>Cyfrif</B> is the kind of account you keep money in. } { <B>Hanes</B> is the kind of account you give when you tell about some past experience. } audit accounts - (v.) archwilio cyfrifon account - (v.) adlo [adl-], cyfrif [cyfrif-] accountability - (n.) atebolrwydd [m.] accountable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol accountant - (n.) cyfrifydd [-ion, m.] accounting - (n.) cyfrifyddiaeth [f.] accoutre - (v.) arfogi [arfog-], taclu [tacl-] accredit - (v.) awdurdodi [awdurdod-], coelio [coeli-], credu [cred-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cred] { <B>Awdurdodi</B> is accredit in the sense of giving official standing to something. } { <B>Coelio</B> is accredit as in "believe". } { <B>Credu</B> is accredit as in "believe". } accrue - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], deillio [deilli-], digwydd [digwydd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. digwydd] accumulate - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pentyrru [pentyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pentyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pentwr] accumulator - (n.) cronadur [-on, m.] accuracy - (n.) cywirdeb [m.] accurate - (adj.) cywir [cywir- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] accursed - (adj.) melltigedig (melltigaid), ysgymun accusation - (n.) achwyniad [-au, m.], cyhuddiad [-au, m.] false accusation - (n.) camgyhuddiad [-au, m.] accusative - (adj.) cyhuddol, gwrthrychol { <B>Cyhuddol</B> is accusative in the sense of bring accusations. } { <B>Gwrthrychol</B> is accusative in the grammatical sense. } accuse - (v.) cyhuddo [cyhudd-] accuse falsely - (v.) camgyhuddo [camgyhudd-] accuser - (n.) cyhuddwr [cyhuddwyr, m.] accustom - (n.) ymarfer [-ion, f.] accustom - (v.) arfer [arfer-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. arfer] accustomed - (adj.) cynefin, cynefinol become accustomed - (v.) cynefino [cynefin-] ace - (n.) as [f.] ache - (n.) cur [-iau, m.], gwy+n [gwyniau, m.], poen [-au, mf.] ache - (v.) cnoi [cno- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cny*; 2.s.imp. cno], gwynegu [gwyneg-], gwynio [gwyni-], poeni [poen-] achieve - (v.) cwblhau [cwbl- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], cyflawni [cyflawn-], gorffen [gorffenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gorffen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gorffen] achievement - (n.) camp [-au, f.], cyflawniad [-au, m.] acid - (adj.) siarp, sur [pl. -ion] grow acid - (v.) egru [egr-] acid - (n.) asid [m.], sur [m.], suryn [m.] acidic - (adj.) asidig acknowledge - (v.) addef [addef-], cydnabod [cydna- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&bod</A>], cyfaddef [cyfaddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyfaddef] acknowledgment - (n.) cydnabyddiaeth [-au, f.] acorn - (n.) mesen [mes, f.] gather acorns - (v.) mesa [mes-] acoustics - (n.) clybodeg [f.] acquaint - (v.) hysbysu [hysbys-] acquaintance - (n.) adnabyddiaeth [-au, f.], cydnabod [m.], cydnabyddiaeth [-au, f.] acquainted - (adj.) cydnabyddus, cynefin acquiesce - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-] acquiesce to - (v.) cydsynio a+, dygymod [dygymod-] acquire - (v.) cael (caffael) [irreg.], ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill], magu [mag-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. mag; 3.s.pres. subj. maco] acquisition - (n.) caffaeliad [-au, caffaeliaid, m.] acquit - (v.) rhyddhau [rhydd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] acre - (n.) acer (acr) [-i, f.], cyfair [cyfeiriau, cyfeiri, m.], erw [-au, f.] acrid - (adj.) chwerw [chwerw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llymsur acrimonious - (adj.) cecrus, chwerw [chwerw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], sarrug acrimony - (n.) chwerwder (chwerwdod; chwerwedd) [m.] across - (adv.) ar groes, trosodd across - (prep.) ar draws act - (n.) act [-au, f.], deddf [-au, f.], gweithred [-oedd, f.] { <B>Deddf</B> is the kind of act passed by a legislative body. } act of opening - (n.) agoriad [-au, m.] act - (v.) actio [acti-], gweithredu [gweithred-], ymddwyn [ymddyg-] action - (n.) cyngaws [cynghawsau, -ion, m.], gweithred [-oedd, f.], gweithrediad [-au, m.] actions - (n.pl.) ymddygiad [-au, m.] active - (adj.) bywiog, esgud, gweithredol, heini, sionc activity - (n.) gweithgaredd [-au, m.], gweithgarwch [m.] actor - (n.) actiwr [actwyr, m.], actor [-ion, m.], chwaraeydd [-ion, m.] actress - (n.) actores [-au, f.] actual - (adj.) gweithredol, gwir, gwirioneddol actuary - (n.) cyfrifydd [-ion, m.], ystadegydd [-ion, m.] actuate - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cymell [cymhell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cymell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cymell], ysgogi (ysgog) [ysgog-; 3.s. ysgyg*] actuator - (n.) cychwynnwr [cychwynwyr, m.] acumen - (n.) craffter [m.], treiddgarwch [m.] acute - (adj.) awchlym, craff, llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tost { <B>Craff</B> is acute in the sense of having keen senses. } { <B>Tost</B> is acute as applied to an illness. } adage - (n.) dihareb [diar.hebion, f.], dywediad [-au, m.] Adam - (prop.n.) Adda adamant - (n.) adamant [m.], diemwnt [m.] adamantine - (adj.) adamantaidd adapt - (v.) addasu [addas-], cyfaddasu [cyfaddas-] adaptation - (n.) cyfaddasiad [-au, m.] adaxial - (adj.) adechelin add - (v.) adio [adi-], atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] addendum - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.] adder - (n.) gwiber [-od, f.], neidr [nadroedd, nadredd, f.] addict - (v.) ymroddi (ymroi) [ymrodd-] addicted - (adj.) chwannog addition - (n.) adio [m.], atodiad [-au, m.], ychwanegiad [-au, m.] additional - (adj.) atodol, ychwanegol addle - (adj.) gwag [pl. gweigion] addled - (adj.) clonc, clwc, gorllyd address - (n.) anerchiad [-au, m.], annerch [anerchion, anerchiadau, m.], araith [areithiau, f.], cyfeiriad [-au, m.] { <B>Annerch</B> is address in the sense of a greeting. } { <B>Araith</B> is the kind of address you make in front of an audience. } { <B>Cyfeiriad</B> is the kind of address you live at. } address - (v.) annerch [anerch-; 3.s. annerch], cyfarch [cyfarch-], cyfeirio [cyfeiri-] { <B>Annerch</B> is address in the sense of "address someone on the street". } adduce - (v.) dwyn ymlaen, nodi [nod-] adept - (n.) campwr [campwyr, m.], un cyfarwydd adequate - (adj.) cyfallwy, digonol adhere - (v.) glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n], ymlynu [ymlyn-] adhere to - (v.) glynu wrth adherent - (n.) ymlynwr [ymlynwyr, m.] adhesion - (n.) glyniad [m.], ymlyniad [m.] adhesive - (adj.) glynol, ymlynol adieu - (n.) ffarwel (ffarwe/l; ffa/rwel) [mf.] adjacent - (adj.) cyfagos adjacent - (adv.) gerllaw adjectival - (adj.) ansoddeiriol adjective - (n.) ansoddair [ansoddeiriau, m.] adjoin - (v.) cydio [cydi-], cyffwrdd [cyffyrdd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyffwrdd] { You "cyffwrdd a+" something. } adjourn - (v.) gohirio [gohiri-], oedi [oed-] adjudge - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], dyfarnu [dyfarn-] adjudicate - (v.) barnu [barn-; 3.s. barn, beirn*; 2.s.imp. barn], beirniadu [beirniad-] adjudication - (n.) beirniadaeth [-au, f.] adjudicator - (n.) beirniad [beirniaid, m.] adjunct - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.], ychwanegiad [-au, m.] adjure - (v.) tynghedu [tynghed-], tyngu [tyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyngh- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twng] adjust - (v.) addasu [addas-], cymhwyso [cymhwys-], unioni [union-] adjustment - (n.) ymaddasiad [-au, m.] administer - (v.) gweinyddu [gweinydd-] administrate - (v.) adweinyddu [adweinydd-] administration - (n.) gweinyddiaeth [-au, f.] administrative - (adj.) adweinyddol, gweinyddol admirable - (adj.) campus, rhagorol admiral - (n.) llyngesydd [-ion, m.] admiralty - (n.) morlys [m.] admiration - (n.) edmygedd [m.] admire - (v.) edmygu [edmyg-] admirer - (n.) edmygwr [edmygwyr, m.], edmygydd [-ion, m.] admission - (n.) addefiad [-au, m.], cyfaddefiad [-au, m.], derbyniad [-au, m.], mynediad [-au, m.] { <B>Addefiad</B> is the kind of admission that announces guilt. } { <B>Cyfaddefiad</B> is the kind of admission that announces guilt. } { <B>Derbyniad</B> is the kind of admission you gain to a location. } { <B>Mynediad</B> is the kind of admission that you gain to a location. } admit - (v.) addef [addef-], cyfaddef [cyfaddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyfaddef], derbyn [derbyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. derbyn] { <B>Addef</B> is admit in the sense of confessing something. } { <B>Cyfaddef</B> is admit in the sense of confessing something. } { <B>Derbyn</B> is to admit in the sense of let in. } admittance - (n.) derbyniad [-au, m.], trwydded [-au, f.] admitted - (adj.) addefedig admixture - (n.) cymysgedd [mf.], cymysgiad [m.] admonish - (v.) ceryddu [cerydd-], rhybuddio [rhybuddi-] admonition - (n.) anogaeth [-au, f.], cerydd [-on, m.], rhybudd [-ion, m.] ado - (n.) ffwdan [f.], heldrin [-oedd, f.], helynt [-ion, f.] adolescence - (n.) adolesens [m.], llencyndod [m.] adolescent - (n.) adolesent [m.], llances [-i, -au, f.], llencyn [m.] adopt - (v.) mabwysiadu [mabwysiad-] adopted - (adj.) mabwysiadol adoption - (n.) mabwysiad [m.] adoptive - (adj.) mabwysiadol adore - (v.) addoli [addol-] adorn - (v.) addurno [addurn-], harddu [hardd-], teca/u [tec- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] adornment - (n.) addurn [-au, m.], addurniad [-au, m.] adroit - (adj.) deheuig, hyfedr, medrus adulation - (n.) gweniaith [f.], truth [m.] adult - (adj.) mewn oed adult - (n.) oedolyn [oedolion, m.] adulterate - (v.) llygru [llygr-] { (perish} <B>Llygru</B> is perish when something rots. } adulteration - (n.) llygriad [-au, m.] adulterator - (n.) llygrwr [llygrwyr, m.] adulterer - (n.) godinebwr [godinebwyr, m.] adulteress - (n.) godinebwraig [godinebwragedd, f.] adulterous - (adj.) godinebus adultery - (n.) godineb [m.] commit adultery - (v.) godinebu [godineb-] advance - (n.) benthyg [m.], echwyn [-ion, m.] advanced in years - (adj.) mewn gwth o oedran advance - (v.) dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf], rhoi benthyg, symud ymlaen { <B>Dyrchafu</B> is advance in the sense of what you do on the corporate ladder. } { <B>Rhoi benthyg</B> is advance when you give money ahead of time. } { <B>Symud ymlaen</B> is advance in the sense of move forward. } advancement - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], dyrchafiad [-au, m.], lles [m.] { <B>Budd</B> is advancement in the sense of betterment. } { <B>Dyrchafiad</B> is advancement in the sense of promotion. } { <B>Lles</B> is advancement in the sense of betterment. } advantage - (n.) achlysur [-on, m.], lles [m.], llesa+d [m.], llesiant [m.], mantais [manteision, f.] take advantage - (v.) manteisio [manteisi-] advantage - (v.) llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] advantageous - (adj.) llesol, manteisiol Advent - (n.) yr Adfent [m.] advent - (n.) dyfodiad [-au, m.] adventitious - (adj.) damweiniol adventure - (n.) antur [-iau, f.], anturiaeth [-au, f.] adventure - (v.) anturio [anturi-] adventurerer - (n.) anturiaethwr [anturiaethwyr, m.] adventures - (n.) hap ac anap adventurous - (adj.) anturiaethus, anturus adverb - (n.) adferf [-au, f.], rhagferf [-au, f.] adverbial - (adj.) adferfol adversary - (n.) gelyn [-ion, m.], gwrthwynebwr (gwrthwynebydd) [gwrthwynebwyr, m.] adverse - (adj.) adfydus, croes, gelynol, gwrthwynebus adversity - (n.) adfyd [m.], ba+r [m.], cyni [-on, m.], drygfyd [m.] advertise - (v.) hysbysebu [hysbyseb-], hysbysu [hysbys-] advertisement - (n.) hysbyseb [-ion, f.], hysbysiad [-au, m.] advertiser - (n.) hysbysebwr [hysbysebwyr, m.] advice - (n.) cwnsel [-au, -oedd, -i, m.], cyfarwyddyd [cyfarwyddiadau, m.], cyngor [cynghorion, m.] advisable - (adj.) buddiol, doeth [pl. -ion] advise - (v.) annog [anog-; 3.s. annog, ennyg*; 2.s.imp. annog], cynghori [cynghor-], hysbysu [hysbys-] advocate - (n.) bargyfreithiwr [bargyfreithwyr, m.], dadleuwr [dadleuwyr, m.], dadleuydd [-ion, m.], eiriolwr [eiriolwyr, m.] advocate - (v.) cefnogi [cefnog-], dadlau [dadleu-], eiriol [eiriol-], pleidio [pleidi-] adze - (n.) neddau (neddyf) [neddyfau, f.] aerate - (v.) awyro (awyru) [awyr-] aerial - (adj.) awyrol, wybrol aerodrome - (n.) awyrdrom [-au, f.] aeronautical - (adj.) aeronotig aeronautics - (n.) aeronoteg [m.] aesthetic - (adj.) esthetig aesthetics - (n.) estheteg [mf.] afar - (adj.) hirbell from afar - (adv.) o hirbell afar - (adv.) pell, ymhell affable - (adj.) caruaidd, cle+n [cleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], hynaws affair - (n.) achos [-ion, m.], helynt [-ion, f.], mater [-ion, m.] affect - (v.) cymryd arno, effeithio [effeithi-], ffugio [ffugi-], menu [men-] { <B>Cymryd arno</B> is affect in the sense of pretending. } { <B>Effeithio</B> is affect in the sense of having an effect on. } { <B>Ffugio</B> is affect in the sense of pretending. } { The "arno" in "cymryd arno" is conjugated to reflect the person doing the pretending, as in "Rydw i'n cymryd arnaf" = "I am pretending". } affectation - (n.) cymhendod [m.], ffug [-ion, m.], maldod [m.], mursendod [m.], rhodres [m.] affected - (adj.) gorddethol, mindlws, mursennaidd, rhodresgar affectedly poetic - (adj.) barddoni%aidd, barddonllyd affection - (n.) affeithiad [-au, m.], cariad [-au, m.], meddylfryd [m.], serch [-iadau, m.] { <B>Affeithiad</B> is the kind of "affection" that occurs in grammar, either of vowels or consonants. } affectionate - (adj.) anwesog, caruaidd, hoffus, serchog, serchus affectionateness - (n.) serchowgrwydd [m.] affective - (adj.) affeithiol affective disorder - (n.) anhwylder affeithiol affiliate - (v.) mabwysiadu [mabwysiad-], tadogi [tadog-], uno [un-] affinity - (n.) cyfathrach [-iadau, f.], tebygrwydd [m.], tras [f.] affirm - (v.) gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-], sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], taeru [taer-] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } affirmative - (adj.) cadarnhaol affix - (n.) olddodiad [olddodiaid, m.] affix - (v.) atodi [atod-], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } afflict - (v.) cystuddio [cystuddi-], gofidio [gofidi-], trallodi [trallod-] afflicted - (adj.) cystuddiedig, cystuddiol afflicter - (n.) cystuddiwr [cystuddwyr, m.], trallodwr [trallodwyr, m.] affliction - (n.) adfyd [m.], cawdd [coddion, m.], cymwy [-au, m.], cystudd [-iau, m.] affluence - (n.) cyfoethogrwydd [m.] affluent - (adj.) cefnog, cyfoethog [cyfoethoc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], goludog afford - (v.) fforddio [fforddi-], rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho] { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } affordability - (n.) fforddiadwyedd [m.?] afforestation - (n.) coedwigaeth [f.] affray - (n.) ffrwgwd [ffrygydau, m.], ymryson [-au, m.], ysgarmes [-oedd, -au, f.] Affrica - (prop.n.) Yr Affrig affright - (v.) brawychu [brawych-], dychrynu [dychryn-] affront - (n.) sar.had [-au, m.] affront - (v.) sar.hau [sar.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], tramgwyddo [tramgwydd-] afield, far - (adv.) ymhell aflame - (adv.) ar da+n afloat - (adj.) yn nofio afloat - (adv.) ar daen, ar led afoot - (adv.) ar droed afraid - (adj.) ag ofn arno, ofnus { The "arno" in "ag ofn arno" is conjugated to reflect the person who is afraid, as in "Rydw i ag ofn arnaf" = "I am afraid". } afresh - (adv.) eilwaith, o'r newydd Africa - (prop.n.) yr Affrig after - (adv.) gwedi, wedyn neither before nor after - (adv.) na chynt na chwedyn strive after - (v.) ymgyrraedd [ymgyr.haedd-] after - (prep.) ar o+l, gwedi, wedi, yn o+l { <B>Yn o+l</B> is "after" as in according to; e.g., "This information is after a manuscript by Floyd." } afterbirth - (n.) adeni [-eiau, m.] afterbirth of a cow - (n.) brych [m.] aftergrass - (n.) adladd (adlodd) [m.] aftermath - (n.) adladd (adlodd) [m.] afternoon - (adj.) prynhawnol afternoon - (n.) prynhawn (pnawn; prydnawn) [-au, m.] { The word "prynhawn" is pronounced "pnawn" in conversation. } aftertaste - (n.) adflas [-au, m.] afterwards - (adv.) gwedi, wedi, wedi hynny, wedyn again - (adv.) ail, eilchwyl, eilwaith, eto, mwy, trachefn answer again - (v.) adateb [adateb-] bear again - (v.) aileni [ailen-] grow again - (v.) atyfu (ad-dyfu) [atyf-, ad-dyf-] raise again - (v.) atgyfodi [atgyfod-] rise again - (v.) atgyfodi [atgyfod-] see again - (v.) adweled [adwel-] again - (pfx.) ail- (eil-) { "Ail (eil-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } against - (prep.) erbyn, rhag [rhag- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>], yn erbyn over against - (prep.) gyferbyn strike against - (v.) bwrw yn erbyn age - (n.) oed [-au, m.], oedran [-nau, m.], oes [-oedd, -au, f.] { <B>Oed</B> is age ("faint yw oed y bachgen?" = "how old is the boy?"). but also a period of time, e.g., "cadw oed" = "spend time with", "keep an appointment", "have a date" ("date" in American English). } full age - (n.) oedran [-nau, m.] old age - (n.) henaint [m.] the Bronze Age - (n.) yr Oes Efydd the Iron Age - (n.) yr Oes Haearn year of age - (n.) blwydd [-i, f.] age - (v.) heneiddio [heneiddi-] aged - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], oedrannus age-long - (adj.) oesol agency - (n.) cyfrwng [cyfryngau, m.], goruchwyliaeth [-au, f.] agent - (n.) goruchwyliwr [goruchwylwyr, m.], gweithredydd [-au, m.] { <B>Goruchwyliwr</B> is the kind of agent who acts on your behalf. } { <B>Gweithredydd</B> is the kind of agent who does something. } aggrandize (aggrandise) - (v.) mawr.hau [mawr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], mwyhau [mwy- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] aggravate - (v.) gwneud yn waeth { <B>Gwneud yn waeth</B> is aggravate in its correct sense of making worse. It has nothing to do with the American bastardization of the word that gives it the sense of "vex". } aggregate - (n.) crynswth [m.], cyfanswm [cyfansymiau, m.] aggression - (n.) gormes [m.], ymosodiad [-au, m.] aggressive - (adj.) gormesol, ymosodol, ymwthiol aggrieve - (v.) blino [blin-], tramgwyddo [tramgwydd-] aghast - (adj.) brawychedig, syn agile - (adj.) chwim, gwisgi, heini, sionc agility - (n.) sioncrwydd [m.] agitate - (v.) aflonyddu [aflonydd-], corddi [cordd-], cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], cynhyrfu [cynhyrf-], cythryblu [cythrybl-] agitated - (adj.) cynhyrfus, cythryblus agitation - (n.) ceginwrych [m.], cynhyrfiad [cynyrfiadau, m.], cynnwrf [m.] agitator - (n.) cynhyrfwr [cynhyrfwyr, m.], cythryblwr [cythryblwyr, m.] agnostic - (n.) agnostig [m.], anffyddiwr [anffyddwyr, m.] agnosticism - (n.) anffyddiaeth [f.] ago - (adv.) yn o+l a little while ago - (adv.) gynnau (gynna) long ago - (adv.) er ys talwm (ers talwm) agonized - (adj.) ingol agonizing - (adj.) ingol agony - (n.) artaith [arteithiau, f.], ing [-oedd, m.], poen [-au, mf.] agrarian - (adj.) gwledig, tirol agree - (v.) amodi [amod-], cyd-fynd (cyd-fyned) [cyd-- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.6. The mynd Endings (and the Verb mynd)">&mynd</A>], cyd-weld (cydweled) [cyd-wel-, cydwel-], cydgordio [cydgordi-], cydweddu [cydwedd-], cyfateb [cyfateb-; 3.s. cyfetyb, cyfateb; 2.s.imp. cyfateb], cytuno [cytun-] agree with - (v.) cydweddu a+, cytuno a+, dygymod [dygymod-] not agreeing - (adj.) anghytu+n agreeable - (adj.) cle+n [cleni- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], clyfar, cynhesol, dymunol, hyfryd [hyfryt- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] agreed - (adj.) cytu+n agreement - (n.) cydfod [-au, m.], cytundeb [-au, m.] in agreement - (adj.) amodig in agreement with - (prep.) yn unol a+ agricultural - (adj.) amaethyddol agricultural management - (n.) hwsmonaeth [f.] agriculture - (n.) amaeth [m.], amaethyddiaeth [f.], hwsmonaeth [f.] agronomy - (n.) agronomeg [-au, f.] aground - (adv.) ar dir, ar lawr, i dir ague - (n.) acses [mf.], cryd [-iau, m.], deirton [f.] { <B>Deirton</B> is specifically tertian ague. } Ahasuerus - (prop.n.) Ahasferus ahead - (adv.) ymlaen { "Ymlaen" is pronounced on the last <A HREF="./Glossary.html#syllable">syllable</A>, contrary to the usual rule. } straight ahead - (adv.) syth ymlaen ahead - (prep.) o flaen aid - (n.) cymorth [m.], cynhorthwy [cynorthwyon, m.], help [m.], porth [m.] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Help" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } aid - (v.) cyfnerthu [cyfnerth-], cymorth [cymorth-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-], helpu (helpio) [help-, helpi-] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Helpu (helpio)" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } ail - (v.) blino [blin-], clafychu [clafych-], poeni [poen-] ailment - (n.) afiechyd [-on, m.], anhwylder (anhwyldeb) [-au, m.], dolur [-iau, m.] aim - (n.) amcan [-ion, m.], aneliad [-au, m.], diben [-ion, m.], nod [-au, -ion, mf.] aim at - (v.) ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] aim - (v.) amcanu [amcan-], anelu [anel-] aiming - (adj.) anelog air - (n.) aer [m.], alaw [-on, f.], awyr [f.], awyrgylch [-au, -oedd, mf.], cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.], osgo [m.] { <B>Aer</B> is the kind of air you breathe. } { <B>Alaw</B> is the kind of air you sing. } { <B>Awyr</B> is the kind of air you breathe. } { <B>Awyrgylch</B> is air that refers to the entire atmosphere. } { <B>Cainc</B> is the kind of air you sing. } { <B>Osgo</B> is the kind of air you put on to impress someone. } air - (v.) awyro (awyru) [awyr-] airfield - (n.) awyrenfa [awyrenfeydd, f.] airman - (n.) awyrennwr [awyrennwyr, m.] airplane (aeroplane) - (n.) awyren [-nau, -ni, f.] airport - (n.) awyrborth [m.] airship - (n.) awyrlong [-au, f.] airway - (n.) llwybr anadlu airy - (adj.) awyrol aisle - (n.) ael [-iau, f.], eil [-ion, f.], llwybr [-au, m.], ystlys eglwys ajar - (adj.) cilagored akin - (adj.) perthynasol, perthynol alack - (interj.) och fi alacrity - (n.) bywiogrwydd [m.], parodrwydd [m.] alarm - (n.) braw [-iau, m.], dychryn [-iadau, m.], larwm [m.], rhybudd [-ion, m.] alarm - (v.) dychrynu [dychryn-] alas - (interj.) och alas! - (interj.) ow albeit - (conj.) er, er hynny, eto album - (n.) albwm [m.] albumin - (n.) gwyn wy alchemy - (n.) alcemeg [f.] alcohol - (n.) alcohol [f.] alcove - (n.) alcof [m.], cilfach wely, deildy [deildai, m.], hafdy [hafdai, m.] alder grove - (n.) gwern [-i, -ydd, f.] alder tree - (n.) gwernen [gwern, f.] alderman - (n.) henadur [-iaid, m.] ale - (n.) cwrw [cyrfau, m.], tablen [f.] ale-house - (n.) dioty [diotai, m.] alert - (adj.) effro, esgud, gwyliadwrus, hoyw (hoew) [pl. -on; hoyw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] algae - (n.) alga [-+u, m.] algal bloom - (n.) ymchwydd alga+u algebra - (n.) algebra [m.] alien - (adj.) alltud, anghyfiaith, dieithr, estron (estronol; estronaidd), estronaidd, estronol alien woman - (n.) estrones [f.] alien - (n.) alltud [-iaid, -ion, m.], estron [-iaid, m.] alienate - (v.) dieithrio [dieithri-] alight - (v.) disgyn [disgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, disgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgyn] align - (v.) cyfunioni [cyfunion-] alike - (adj.) yr un fath alike - (adv.) yn gyffelyb aliment - (n.) maeth [-ion, m.], ymborth [m.] alive - (adj.) byw half alive - (adj.) adfyw alkali - (n.) alcali [m.] alkaline - (adj.) alcali%aidd all - (adj.) cwbl, cyfan [pl. cyfain], holl [pl. hyllion], hollol, i gyd, pob above all - (adv.) yn anad, yn anad dim all along - (adv.) o'r cychwyn all over - (adv.) ar hyd a lled all right - (adj.) iawn all right - (adv.) o'r gorau all sides - (n.) poptu [m.] at all - (adv.) o gwbl, oll all - (adv.) oll all - (n.) cwbl [m.] all - (pron.) pawb allay - (v.) lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] allegation - (n.) honiad [-au, m.] allege - (v.) haeru [haer-], honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] alleged - (adj.) honedig allegiance - (n.) gwrogaeth (gwarogaeth) [f.], teyrn.garwch [m.] allegorical - (adj.) damhegol allegory - (n.) alegori [m.], aralleg [-au, fm.] alleviate - (v.) esmwytho (esmwytha/u) [esmwyth-, esmwyth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], ysgafnhau (ysgafnu) [ysgafn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, ysgafn-] alley - (n.) ale [m.], llwybr [-au, m.] alliance - (n.) cyfathrach [-iadau, f.], cynghrair [cynghreiriau, mf.] allied - (adj.) cytras alliteration - (n.) cyflythreniad [-au, m.], cyseinedd [m.] Welsh metrical alliteration - (n.) cynghanedd [cynganeddion, f.] alliterative poem, Welsh - (n.) cywydd [-au, m.] alliterative stanza, Welsh - (n.) englyn [-ion, m.] allocate - (v.) cyfleu [cyfle-], dosbarthu [dosbarth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] allot - (v.) gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], penodi [penod-] allotment - (n.) cyfran [-nau, f.], rhandir [-oedd, m.] allow - (v.) caniata/u [caniat- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], gadael (gadu) [gadaw-; 3.s. gedy, gad; 2.s.imp. gad; 3.s.pres.subj. gato], goddef [goddef-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. goddef] { You "gadael i" a person. } allowance - (n.) dogn [-au, m.], goddefiad [-au, m.], lw+ans (lwfans) [m.] alloy - (n.) aloi [aloeon, m.] allude - (v.) cyfeirio [cyfeiri-], so+n [soni-; 2.s.pres.ind. sonni; 2.s.imp.ind. sonnit] allude to - (v.) so+n am allure - (v.) denu [den-], hudo [hud-], llithio [llithi-] allurement - (n.) hudoliaeth [-au, f.] allurements - (n.pl.) deniadau allurer - (n.) hudwr [hudwyr, m.] alluring - (adj.) hudolus allusion - (n.) crybwylliad [-au, m.], cyfeiriad [-au, m.] allusion to - (n.) cyfeiriad at alluvium - (n.) dolbridd [m.], llifbridd [m.] all-wise - (adj.) hollddoeth ally - (n.) cynghreiriad [cynghreiriaid, m.], cynghreiriwr [cynghreirwyr, m.] ally - (v.) cynghreirio [cynghreiri-] almanac - (n.) amseroni [-%au, m.] almighty - (adj.) hollalluog, hollgyfoethog almond - (n.) almon [f.] almoner - (n.) elusennwr [elusennwyr, m.] almost - (adv.) agos, braidd, bron, haeach, ymron { <B>Braidd</B> with a negative sense can mean "almost": "braidd na ddywedwn" -- "I would almost say (that...)" = "I would almost be prepared to say that..." } { <B>Bron</B> comes to mean "almost" in a negative context: "bron na ddywedais" -- "I almost said (that...)" = "I only just avoided saying." } alms - (n.) cardod [-au, f.], elusen [-nau, f.] almshouse - (n.) elusendy [elusendai, m.] aloe - (n.) aloes [m.?] aloft - (adv.) fry, i fyny, yn uchel alone - (adj.) unig { "Unig" means "only" when used before the noun and "lonely" when used afterwards. For example, "yr unig fab" is "the only son", but "yr mab unig" is "the lonely son". } alone - (adv.) ar ei ben ei hun along - (adv.) ar hyd, ymlaen { "Ymlaen" is pronounced on the last <A HREF="./Glossary.html#syllable">syllable</A>, contrary to the usual rule. } all along - (adv.) o'r cychwyn alongside - (prep.) wrth ochr aloof - (adj.) pell [pell- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], yn cadw draw aloud - (adv.) yn groch, yn uchel alphabet - (n.) abie/c [m.], egwyddor [-ion, f.], gwyddor [-ion, -au, f.] Alps - (prop.n.) Yr Alpau already - (adv.) eisoes, yn barod also - (adv.) hefyd he also - (pron.) yntau I also - (pron.) innau (finnau; minnau) me also - (pron.) innau (finnau; minnau) she also - (pron.) hithau they also - (pron.) hwythau, nhwthau (hwythau) thou also - (pron.) tithau we also - (pron.) ninnau you also - (pron.) chithau (chwithau), chwithau, tithau { <B>Chithau (chwithau)</B> is the plural or formal word for "you also". } { <B>Tithau</B> is the familiar form. } altar - (n.) allor [-au, f.] alter - (v.) altro [altr-], newid [newidi-; 2.s.imp. newid] alteration - (n.) cyfnewidiad [-au, m.], newid [m.] altercation - (n.) ffrae [-on, -au, f.], ymryson [-au, m.] alternate - (adj.) bob yn ail alternate - (v.) digwydd pob yn ail, eilio [eili-] although - (conj.) er, serch altitude - (n.) uchder [m.] altogether - (adj.) i gyd altogether - (adv.) llwyr, oll, yn gyfan gwbl altruism - (n.) allgaredd [-au, m.], allgarwch [m.] always - (adv.) beunydd, bob amser, trwy'r amser, yn wastad { "Trwy'r amser" is used mainly in N. Wales. } amalgamate - (v.) cyfuno [cyfun-], cymysgu [cymysg-], uno [un-] amass - (v.) casglu [casgl-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. casgl], cronni [cronn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cron- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], pentyrru [pentyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pentyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. pentwr], tyrru [tyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twr] amateur - (adj.) amaturaidd amateur - (n.) amatur [-iaid, m.] amatory - (adj.) carwriaethol amaze - (v.) aruthro [aruthr-], rhyfeddu [rhyfedd-], synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] { You "rhyfeddu at" something. } amazed - (adj.) syn be amazed - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] amazement - (n.) aruthredd [-au, m.], syndod [m.] ambassador - (n.) llysgenhadwr [llysgenhadwyr, m.], llysgennad [llysgenhadon, m.] ambassadorial - (adj.) llysgenhadol amber - (n.) gwefr [f.] ambidextrous - (adj.) deheuig a+'i ddwy law ambiguity - (n.) amwysedd [m.], astrusi [m.] ambiguous - (adj.) amheus, amwys, astrus, mwys ambition - (n.) uchelgais [mf.] ambitious - (adj.) gorfynt, uchelgeisiol amble - (n.) rhygyng [m.] amble - (v.) rhygyngu [rhygyng-] Ambrose - (prop.n.) Emrys ambulance - (n.) ambiwlans [m.] ambush - (n.) cynllwyn [-ion, m.], rhagod [-ion, m.] ambush - (v.) cynllwyn [cynllwyn-], rhagod [rhagod-] ameliorate - (v.) diwygio [diwygi-], gwella [gwell-] amenable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol, hydrin amend - (v.) cywiro [cywir-], diwygio [diwygi-], gwella [gwell-] amendment - (n.) gwelliant [gwelliannau, m.] amends - (n.) ad-dal [-au, m.], ad-daledigaeth [-au, fm.], ad-daliad [-au, m.], iawn [m.] make amends - (v.) gwneud iawn amenity - (n.) hyfrydwch [m.], hynawsedd [m.] amerce - (v.) dirwyo [dirwy-] America - (prop.n.) Yr Amerig American - (adj.) Americanaidd American - (n.) Americanwr [Americanwyr, m.] amiability - (n.) hawddgarwch [m.], hygarwch [m.] amiable - (adj.) cynhesol, hawddgar, hoffus, hygar, serchus amicable - (adj.) cyfeillgar amid - (prep.) ymhlith, ymysg, ynghanol { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amidst - (prep.) ymhlith, ymysg, ynghanol { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amiss - (adv.) ar fai, o'i le among - (prep.) ymysg { "Ymysg" is conjugated with pronouns: "yn ein mysg" = "in our midst", "yn eich mysg" = "in your midst", and "yn eu mysg" = "in their midst". } amorous - (adj.) hoff o garu amorphous - (adj.) amorffus, diffurf amount - (n.) swm [symiau, m.] amount - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd], cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] amour - (n.) carwriaeth [-au, f.] amphitheater (amphitheatre) - (n.) amchwaraefa [amchwaraefeydd, f.] ample - (adj.) cyflawn, digon, eang [ehang- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], helaeth, ymwng (ymwnc) amplify - (v.) ehangu (eangu) [ehang-, eang-], helaethu [helaeth-] amputate - (v.) torri aelod, trychu [trych-] amulet - (n.) swyn.gyfaredd [-ion, f.] amuse - (v.) diddanu [diddan-], difyrru [difyrr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, difyr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] amusement - (n.) difyrrwch [m.], digrifwch [m.] amusements - (n.pl.) difyrion amusing - (adj.) diddan, difyr, difyrrus, ysmala Anabaptist - (n.) Ailfedyddiwr [Ailfedyddwyr, m.] anachronism - (n.) camamseriad [-au, m.] analogy - (n.) cydweddiad [cydweddiaid, -au, m.], cyfatebiaeth [-au, f.] analysis - (n.) dadansoddiad [-au, m.], dadelfeniad [-au, m.], elfeniad [-au, m.] analyst - (n.) dadansoddwr [dadansoddwyr, m.] analytical - (adj.) dadansoddol analyze (analyse) - (v.) dadansoddi [dadansodd-], dadelfennu [dadelfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dadelfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dosrannu [dosrann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, dosran- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], elfennu [elfenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, elfen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] anarchic (anarchical) - (adj.) anarchol anarchist - (n.) anarchydd [-ion, m.], terfysgwr [terfysgwyr, m.] anarchy - (n.) aflywodraeth [f.], anarchiaeth [m.], anhrefn [mf.], anllywodraeth [f.] anatomical - (adj.) anatomaidd anatomy - (n.) anatomeg (anatomi) [f.] ancestor - (n.) cyndad [-au, m.], hynafiad [hynafiaid, m.] ancestry - (n.pl.) ach [-au, -oedd, f.], hynafiad [hynafiaid, m.] anchor - (n.) angor [-au, -ion, m.] anchor - (v.) angori [angor-] anchorage - (n.) angorfa [angorfeydd, -oedd, f.] anchoress - (n.) ancr [mf.] anchoret - (n.) meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] anchorite - (n.) ancr [mf.], meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] ancient - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], hynafol (henafol), oesol the Ancient of Days - (n.) yr hen Ddihenydd and - (conj.) a (ac) { "Ac" is used before vowels. } and so forth - (adv.) ac yn y blaen better and better - (adj.) gwellwell cunning and malicious - (adj.) dichellddrwg for ever and ever - (adv.) yn oes oesoedd go to and fro - (v.) cynired [cynir-], cyniwair [cyniwair-] here and there (lit. there and here) - (adv.) hwnt ac yma hook and eye - (n.) bach a dolen milk and water - (n.) glastwr [glastwyr, m.] more and more - (adv.) mwyfwy nearer and nearer - (adv.) nesnes odds and ends - (n.pl.) petheuach question and answer - (n.) hawl ac ateb slice of bread and butter - (n.) brechdan [-au, f.] stretch and yawn - (v.) ystwyrian [ystwyri-] the length and breadth - (adv.) ar hyd a lled to and fro - (adv.) o+l a gwrthol, yn o+l ac ymlaen touch and go - (adv.) cael a chael worse and worse - (adv.) gwaethwaeth Andrew - (prop.n.) Andreas anecdote - (n.) chwedl [-au, f.], hanesyn [-nau, m.] anemia (anaemia) - (n.) diffyg gwaed anemic (anaemic) - (adj.) di-waed, diwryg anesthesia (anaesthesia) - (n.) dideimladrwydd [m.] anesthetic (anaesthetic) - (n. & adj.) anesthetig [m.] anew - (adv.) o'r newydd angel - (n.) angel [engyl, angylion, m.], angyles [-au, f.] guardian angel - (n.) angel gwarcheidiol angelic - (adj.) angylaidd anger - (n.) ba+r [m.], broch [m.], codded [m.], dicter [-au, m.], dig [m.], digofaint [m.], gw+yth [m.], llid [-au, m.] anger - (v.) coddi [codd-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cawdd], digio [digi-], llidio [llidi-] angle - (n.) elin [-au, -oedd, f.], ongl [-au, f.] angle - (v.) genweirio [genweiri-], pysgota [pysgot-] angled - (adj.) onglog angler - (n.) genweiriwr [genweirwyr, m.] Anglesey - (prop.n.) Mo+n Anglican - (adj.) Anglicanaidd anglicize - (v.) Seisnigeiddio (Seisnigo) [Seisnigeiddi-, Seisnig-] Anglicized - (adj.) Seisnigaidd angry - (adj.) dicllon (digllon), dig [dic- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], digofus, ffrom, gwythlon, llidiog, milain, naturus be angry - (v.) llidio [llidi-] become angry - (v.) digio [digi-] become angry at - (v.) digio wrth become angry with - (v.) digio wrth anguish - (n.) cyni [-on, m.], ing [-oedd, m.] angular - (adj.) elinog, onglog animadvert - (v.) beirniadu [beirniad-], ceryddu [cerydd-], sennu [senn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] animal - (adj.) anifeilaidd, anifeilig, ysgrublaidd domesticated animal - (n.) lledfegin [-od, m.] of animals - (adj.) anifeilig small animal - (n.) anifeilyn [m.] young animal - (n.) llwdn [llydnod, m.] animal - (n.) anifail [anifeiliaid, m.], creadur [-iaid, m.], mil [-od, m.] animalize - (v.) anifeileiddio [anifeileiddi-] animate - (adj.) byw, bywiol animate - (v.) animeiddio [animeiddi-], bywhau [byw- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], bywioca/u [bywioc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], bywiogi [bywiog-], ysgogi (ysgog) [ysgog-; 3.s. ysgyg*] animated - (adj.) animeiddiedig, asbri%ol (asbri%og), bywiog animation - (n.) asbri [m.], bywiogrwydd [m.] animosity - (n.) digasedd [m.], gelyniaeth [f.] animus - (n.) drwgdeimlad [m.], gelyniaeth [f.] anise - (n.) anis [m.?] ankle - (n.) ffe+r [fferau, f.], meilwng [meilyngau, m.], migwrn [migyrnau, m.], swrn [syrnau, f.] annals - (n.) cofnodion blynyddol annate - (n.) anawd [anodau, m.] anneal - (v.) anelio [aneli-] annex - (v.) cydio [cydi-], cysylltu [cysyllt-], meddiannu [meddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, meddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] annihilate - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], difodi [difod-] annihilation - (n.) diddymiad (diddymiant) [diddymiannau, m.], difodiad (difodiant) [difodiannau, m.] anniversary - (n.) cylchwyl [-iau, f.], pen-blwydd [m.] annotate - (v.) gwneud nodiadau announce - (v.) cyhoeddi [cyhoedd-], datgan [datgan-], hysbysu [hysbys-] announcement - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], hysbysiad [-au, m.] annoy - (v.) blino [blin-], cythruddo [cythrudd-], poeni [poen-] annoyance - (n.) cythrudd [-ion, m.] annoying - (adj.) barnol, plagus annual - (adj.) blynyddol annual - (n.) blwyddiad [blwyddiaid, m.], blwyddiadur [-on, m.] annuity - (n.) blwydd-da+l [blwydd-daliadau, m.] annul - (v.) diddymu [diddym-], dileu [dile-], dirymu [dirym-] annular - (adj.) crwn fel modrwy, modrwyol anoint - (v.) eli%o [eli%-], eneinio [eneini-], iro [ir-] anointed - (adj.) eneiniog anointed one - (n.) eneiniog [m.] anointing - (n.) eneiniad [-au, m.] anomaly - (n.) afreoleidd-dra [m.], peth croes i reol anon - (adv.) toc, yn union, yn y man anonymity - (n.) cyflwr dienw anonymous - (adj.) anhysbys, dienw another - (adj.) arall [pl. eraill] one another - (pron.) eu gilydd { "Eu gilydd" must agree in <A HREF="./Glossary.html#person">person</A> with the people to whom it refers, although it is always <A HREF="./Glossary.html#plural">plural</A>. There are thus three forms: "ein gilydd", when the speaker is including himself/herself among the group; "eich gilydd", when the speaker is including those being addressed among the group; and "eu gilydd", to refer to some third-party group. } another - (pron.) arall [pl. eraill], llall [lleill, m.] answer - (n.) ateb [-ion, m.], atebiad [-au, m.] answer again - (v.) adateb [adateb-] answer for - (v.) ateb dros question and answer - (n.) hawl ac ateb answer - (v.) ateb (adebu) [ateb-; 3.s. etyb, ateb; 2.s.imp. ateb], talu [tal-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ta+l], ymateb [ymateb-; 3.s. ymetyb, ymateb; 2.s.imp. ymateb] answerable - (adj.) atebol, cyfrifol ant - (n.) morgrugyn [morgrug, m.] antagonism - (n.) gwrthwynebiaeth [f.] antagonist - (n.) gwrthwynebwr (gwrthwynebydd) [gwrthwynebwyr, m.] antarctic - (adj.) o gylch y pegwn deheuol ante- - (pfx.) rhag- { "Rhag-" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } antecedent - (adj.) blaenorol antediluvian - (adj.) cynddilywaidd antelope - (n.) antelop [m.], gafrewig [-od, f.] anterior - (adj.) blaen, blaenorol anthem - (n.) anthem [-au, f.] anthology - (n.) blodeugerdd [-i, f.] anthracite - (n.) glo caled, glo carreg anthropology - (n.) anthropoleg [f.], dynofyddiaeth [f.] anti- - (pfx.) gwrth- { "Gwrth" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } antibiotic - (adj.) gwrthfiotig Antichrist - (prop.n.) Anghrist antichrist - (n.) anghrist [-ion, m.] anticipate - (v.) achub y blaen, disgwyl [disgwyli-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. disgwyl], rhagflaenu [rhagflaen-] { You "rhagflaenu ar" something. } antics - (n.pl.) camp [-au, f.], castiau digrif antidisestablishmentarianism - (n.) gwrthdadgysylltiaeth [f.] antidote - (n.) gwrthwenwyn [m.] antipathy - (n.) casineb [m.], gwrthnaws [m.] antipodes - (n.pl.) eithaf [-oedd, -ion, m.], pellafoedd byd antiquarian - (adj.) hynafiaethol antiquarian - (n.) hynafiaethwr (hynafiaethydd) [hynafiaethwyr, m.] antiquary - (n.) hynafiaethwr (hynafiaethydd) [hynafiaethwyr, m.] antiquated - (adj.) hen a di-les antique - (adj.) hen [hen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>, hyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; comp. hy+n], hen-ffasiwn, hynafol (henafol) antiquity - (n.) cynfyd [m.], cynnoes [cynoesoedd, f.], hynafiaeth [-au, f.] antiseptic - (n. & adj.) antiseptig [m.] antiterrorism - (n.) gwrthderfysgaeth [f.] antithesis - (n.) gwrthgyferbyniad [-au, m.] antler - (n.) cainc o gorn carw, rhaidd [rheiddiau, m.] anvil - (n.) eingion [-au, f.], einion [-au, f.] anxiety - (n.) boloch [m.], pryder [-on, m.] anxious - (adj.) aflonydd, awyddus, carcus, pryderus { <B>Aflonydd</B> is anxious in the sense of fearful. } { <B>Awyddus</B> is anxious in the sense of eager. } { <B>Pryderus</B> is anxious in the sense of fearful. } be anxious - (v.) pryderu [pryder-] any - (adj.) dim, peth, rhyw, <A HREF="./Lesson04.html#un">un</A> any more - (adv.) mwyach hardly any - (adj.) nid nemor any - (adv.) unrhyw anyone - (n.) neb [m.], unrhywun [m.] { <B>Neb</B> is a variable ranging over all people (and while it has acquired the negative sense of "nobody" from being used with e.g., "nid oes neb") means "any person". Only it makes sense in sentences like "Nid oes neb sy'n deallt." } { <B>Unrhywun</B> is just "unrhyw" (any) + "un" (one) -- any one (person); any one will do, as in I want help from someone, but I do not matter who it is, any one will do. } more than anyone - (adv.) yn anad neb anything - (n.) dim [m.], unrhywbeth [m.] { <B>Dim</B> is a variable ranging over all things (and while it has acquired the negative sense of "nothing" from being used with e.g., "nid oes dim") means "any thing". } { <B>Unrhywbeth</B> is just "unrhyw" (any) + "beth" (thing) -- any one (thing); any one will do. } anything short - (n.) pwt [pytiau, m.] anywhere - (n.) unlle [m.] apace - (adv.) ar ffrwst, ar frys, ar garlam apart - (adv.) ar waha+n, o'r neilltu set apart - (v.) neilltuo [neilltu-] apartment - (n.) fflat [-au, -iau, f.], llety [-au, m.], rhandy [rhandai, m.] apathetic - (adj.) didaro, difater, difraw apathy - (n.) difaterwch [m.], difrawder [m.] ape - (n.) epa [-od, m.] ape - (v.) dynwared [dynwared-] aperture - (n.) agorfa [-oedd, f.], bwlch [bylchau, m.], rhwyll [-au, f.], rhwyllyn [m.], twll [tyllau, m.] apex - (n.) blaen [-au, -ion, m.], brig [-au, m.], copa [-+u, -on, m.], pen [-nau, m.] { <B>Blaen</B> would be used for the growing tip of a plant. } { <B>Brig</B> has a connotation of smallness at the top. The top of the popularity charts would be a "brig", as would the top of a pointed tree or a pointy mountain. } { <B>Copa</B> specifically means the top of a mountain or summit. } { <B>Pen</B> is the top of something when it is not necessarily small, so the top of a mountain or a tree you could sit on would probably be "pen". } aphid (aphis) - (n.) pryf gwyrdd aphorism - (n.) dihareb [diar.hebion, f.], gwireb [-au, -ion, f.] apiary - (n.) gwenynfa [gwenynfeydd, f.] apiece - (adv.) un bob un apish - (adj.) mwnci%aidd apocalypse - (n.) datguddiad [-au, m.] apocryphal - (adj.) anghanonaidd, apocryffaidd apologize - (v.) diheuro [diheur-], ymddiheuro [ymddiheur-], ymesgusodi [ymesgusod-] apology - (n.) esgusawd [esgusodion, m.], ymddiheuriad [-au, m.] apoplexy - (n.) parlys mud, stro+c [f.] apostasy - (n.) gwrthgiliad [-au, m.] apostate - (n.) gwrthgiliwr [gwrthgilwyr, m.] apostle - (n.) apostol [-ion, m.] apostleship - (n.) apostoliaeth [f.] apostolic - (adj.) apostolaidd (apostolig) apostrophe - (n.) collnod [-au, m.], sillgoll [-au, f.] apothecary - (n.) apothecari [m.], cyffuriwr [cyffurwyr, m.], fferyllydd [-ion, m.] apotheosis - (n.) dwyfoliad [m.] appall (appal) - (v.) brawychu [brawych-], digalonni [digalonn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, digalon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] apparatus - (n.pl.) aparatws [m.], offeryn [-nau, offer, m.] apparel - (n.) abid [mf.], gwisg [-oedd, f.] apparel - (n.pl.) dilledyn [dillad, m.] apparent - (adj.) amlwg [amlyc- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], eglur, ymddan.gosiadol apparition - (n.) drychiolaeth [-au, f.], ysbryd [-ion, -oedd, m.] appeal - (n.) ape+l [apelion, apelydd, apelau, mf.], apeliad [-au, m.] appeal - (v.) apelio [apeli-], erfyn [erfyni-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. erfyn] { You "erfyn ar" a person. } appear - (v.) lledrithio [lledrithi-], rhithio [rhithi-], ymddan.gos (ymddangos) [ymddangos-; 3.s. ymddengys; 2.s.imp. ymddangos], ymrithio [ymrithi-] appearance - (n.) eiliw [-iau, m.], gwedd [-au, -iau, f.], gwelediad [-au, m.], rhith [-iau, m.], ymddan.gosiad [-au, m.] appease - (v.) dofi [dof-], heddychu [heddych-], llonyddu [llonydd-], tangnefeddu [tangnefedd-], tawelu [tawel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tawela] appellant - (n.) apeliwr [apelwyr, m.], apelydd [-ion, m.] appellation - (n.) enw [-au, m.], teitl [-au, m.] append - (v.) atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] appendicitis - (n.) enyniad y coluddyn crog appendix - (n.) atodiad [-au, m.], coluddyn crog, ychwanegiad [-au, m.] { <B>Atodiad</B> is the kind of appendix a book has. } { <B>Coluddyn crog</B> is the kind of appendix in your body. } { <B>Ychwanegiad</B> is the kind of appendix a book has. } appertain - (v.) perthyn [perthyn-] appetite - (n.) archwaeth [-au, f.], awch [m.], awydd [-au, m.], chwant [-au, m.] applaud - (v.) curo dwylo, cymeradwyo [cymeradwy-] applause - (n.) cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] apple - (n.) afal [-au, m.] apple of the eye - (n.) cannwyll llygad apple tree - (n.) afallen [-nau, f.] gather apples - (v.) afaleua [afaleu-] golden apple - (n.) eurafal [-au, m.] appliance - (n.) dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.], offeryn [-nau, offer, m.] applicable - (adj.) cymwys, cymwysiadol, perthnasol applicant - (n.) ceisiedydd [-ion, m.], ymgeisydd [ymgeiswyr, m.] application - (n.) cais [ceisiadau, m.], cymhwysiad [cymwysiadau, m.], ymroad [-au, m.], ymroddiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cais</B> is an application that is a request. } { <B>Cymhwysiad</B> is an application that a computer runs. } { <B>Ymroad</B> is application that makes diligent. } { <B>Ymroddiad</B> is application that makes diligent. } of great application - (adj.) ymroddgar applied - (adj.) cymhwysol, cymwysedig apply - (v.) cymhwyso [cymhwys-], cynnig [cynigi-], ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] apply for - (v.) cynnig am apply gold - (v.) euro [eur-] apply oneself - (v.) ymroddi (ymroi) [ymrodd-] apply pressure - (v.) rhoi pwysau appoint - (v.) apwyntio [apwynti-], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], nodi [nod-], pennu [penn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, pen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], penodi [penod-] { <B>Gosod</B> is the sort of appointing that one does when making an appointment -- certainly I talk about "gosod amser i'r cyfarfod nesaf". } { <B>Nodi</B> is the sort of appointing that leads to something happening at an appointed time: "Nodir amser ein geni a'n marw, ein dyfodiad a'n mynediad ymaith" -- "The time is appointed for our birth and our death, for our coming and going forth." } { <B>Penodi</B> is "pen-nodi", to mark the head of [a person]): the sort of appointing that goes with a job: selecting (a person). } appointed - (adj.) gosodedig, nodedig appointment - (n.) cyhoeddiad [-au, m.], penodiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cyhoeddiad</B> is the kind of appointment you place in your calendar. } { <B>Penodiad</B> is the kind of appointment that you have to a position. } keep an appointment - (v.) cadw oed apportion - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], rhannu [rhann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. rhan] apposite - (adj.) addas, priodol appraise - (v.) prisio [prisi-] appreciate - (v.) gwerthfawrogi [gwerthfawrog-], prisio [prisi-] appreciation - (n.) gwerthfawrogiad [m.] appreciative - (adj.) diolchgar apprehend - (v.) dirnad [dirnad-], ofni [ofn-], ymaflyd mewn { <B>Dirnad</B> is apprehend in the sense of understand. } { <B>Ofni</B> is apprehend in the sense of fear. } { <B>Ymaflyd mewn</B> is the kind of apprehend you do to a criminal. } apprehension - (n.) dirnadaeth [f.], ofn [-au, m.] { <B>Dirnadaeth</B> is apprehension in the sense of understanding. } { <B>Ofn</B> is apprehension in the sense of fear. } apprehensive - (adj.) ofnus, pryderus apprentice - (n.) dysgwr [dysgwyr, m.], egwyddorwas [egwyddorweisiau, m.], prentis [-iaid, m.] apprentice - (v.) prentisio [prentisi-] apprenticeship - (n.) prentisiaeth [f.] apprise - (v.) hysbysu [hysbys-] approach - (n.) dyfodfa [dyfodfeydd, f.], dynesiad [m.] approach - (v.) agosa/u [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], cyrchu [cyrch-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyrch], dynesu [dynes-], nesa/u [nes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], nesu at, ymnesa/u [ymnes- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] approaching - (adj.) agosaol approbation - (n.) cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] appropriate - (adj.) priodol { <B>Priodol</B> is appropriate because of being the right choice from a range. } appropriate - (v.) adfeddu [adfedd-], meddiannu [meddiann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, meddian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] appropriateness - (n.) priodoldeb [-au, m.] appropriation - (n.) adfeddiad [-au, m.] approval - (n.) arddeliad [-au, m.], cymeradwyaeth [-au, f.] approve - (v.) arddelu (arddelwi) [arddel-], cymeradwyo [cymeradwy-], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] approved - (adj.) cymeradwy approximate - (adj.) agos [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>; nesed; nes; nesaf] approximate - (v.) agosa/u [agos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] approximately - (prep.) tua (tuag) { The "tuag" form is used before vowels. } appurtenance - (n.) peth perthynol apricot - (n.) bricyllen [bricyll?, f.] April - (n.) Ebrill [m.] apron - (n.) arffedog (ffedog) [-au, f.], barclod [-au, -iau, m.] apt - (adj.) cymwys, parod [parot- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tueddol apt to teach - (adj.) athrawaidd, athrawus aquarium - (n.) pysgodlyn [-noedd, -nau, m.], pysgoty [pysgotai, m.] aquatic - (adj.) dyfriog, dyfrol aqueduct - (n.) dyfrffos [-ydd, f.] aquiline - (adj.) bachog, crwbi, eryraidd Arab - (n.) Arab [-iaid, m.] arable land - (n.) tir a+r Aramaic - (n.) Aramaeg [f.] arbiter - (n.) beirniad [beirniaid, m.], brawdwr [brawdwyr, m.], dyddiwr [dyddwyr, m.] arbitrament - (n.) dedfryd [-au, -on, f.], rhaith [f.] arbitrary - (adj.) gormesol, mympwyol arbitrate - (v.) athrywyn [athrywyn-], cyflafareddu [cyflafaredd-] arbitration - (n.) cyflafareddiad [-au, m.], cymrodedd [m.] arbitrator - (n.) cyflafareddwr [cyflafareddwyr, m.], cymrodeddwr [cymrodeddwyr, m.], dyddiwr [dyddwyr, m.] arbor (arbour) - (n.) deildy [deildai, m.] arboriculture - (n.) coedyddiaeth [f.] arc - (n.) arc [f.], bwa [-+u, m.] arch - (adj.) cellweirus, direidus, ysmala arch - (n.) bwa [-+u, m.], nen [-nau, -noedd, f.], pont [-ydd, f.] arch - (v.) pontio [ponti-] archaeologist - (n.) archaeolegwr [archaeolegwyr, m.] archaeology - (n.) archaeoleg [f.] archaic - (adj.) henaidd, hynafol (henafol) archangel - (n.) archangel [archangylion, m.] archbishop - (n.) archesgob [-ion, m.] archbishopric - (n.) archesgobaeth [-au, f.] archdeacon - (n.) archddiacon (archddiagon) [-iaid, m.] archdruid - (n.) archdderwydd [-on, m.] arched - (adj.) bwaog archeological (archaeological) - (adj.) hynafiaethol archeology (archaeology) - (n.) hynafiaeth [-au, f.] archer - (n.) saethwr [saethwyr, m.], saethydd [-ion, m.] archery - (n.) saethyddiaeth [f.] archipelago - (n.) twr ynysoedd, ynysfor [-oedd, m.] architect - (n.) archadeiladydd [-ion, m.], pensaer [penseiri, m.] architectural - (adj.) adeiladol (adeiliadol), pensaerniol architecture - (n.) adeiladaeth [-au, f.], pensaerniaeth [f.] architrave - (n.) amhiniog (amhinog) [-ion, -au, m.] archive - (n.) archif [-au?, f.] arctic - (adj.) gogleddol ardent - (adj.) angerddol, awchus, brwdfrydig, eiddgar, gwresog, poeth [pl. -ion; poeth- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], selog, terwyn ardor (ardour) - (n.) aidd [m.], angerdd [m.], awch [m.], brwdfrydedd [m.], eiddgarwch [m.], tanbeidrwydd [m.] arduous - (adj.) blin [pl. -ion], caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], llafurus area - (n.) arwynebedd [m.], wyneb (gwyneb) [-au, m.] argue - (v.) dadlau [dadleu-], pledio [pledi-], ymresymu [ymresym-] argue about - (v.) dadlau am argue with - (v.) dadlau a+ argument - (n.) dadl [-euon, -au, f.], ymresymiad [-au, m.] arid - (adj.) cras [pl. creision], crin [pl. -ion], gwyw, sych [f. sech; pl. -ion] arise - (v.) codi (cyfodi) [cod-, cyfod-; 3.s. cwyd, cyfyd, cod; 2.s.imp. cod, cwyd] aristocracy - (n.) pendefigaeth [f.] aristocrat - (n.) gw+r mawr, pendefig [-ion, m.] aristocratic - (adj.) bonheddig [pl. boneddigion], pendefigaidd arithmetic - (n.) rhifyddeg (rhifyddiaeth) [f.] arithmetician - (n.) rhifyddwr [rhifyddwyr, m.] ark - (n.) arch [eirch, f.] arm - (n.) arf [-au, mf.], ban [-nau, mf.], braich [breichiau, f.], cainc [cangau, ceinciau, f.] { <B>Arf</B> is the kind of arm you fire at someone. } { <B>Braich</B> is the kind of arm that hangs from your shoulder. } arm - (v.) arfogi [arfog-] armadillo - (n.) armellog [-od?, m.?] armament - (n.) arfogaeth [f.], offer rhyfel armed - (adj.) arfog armful - (n.) ceseilaid (ceseiled) [ceseileidiau, f.], coflaid [cofleidiau, f.] armistice - (n.) cadoediad [-au, m.] armor (armour) - (n.) arfod [f.], arfogaeth [f.], arfwisg [-oedd, f.] armory (armoury) - (n.) arfdy [arfdai, m.] armpit - (n.) cesail [ceseiliau, f.] arms - (n.pl.) aren [-nau, f.], arf [-au, mf.] army - (n.) bragad [f.], byddin [-oedd, f.], cad [-au, -oedd, f.], lluydd [m.] array army - (v.) byddino [byddin-] with armies - (adj.) byddinog aroma - (n.) perarogl [-au, m.] aromatic - (adj.) pe+r, peraroglaidd, persawrus aromatic herbs - (n.pl.) perlysiau around - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], o amgylch, o gwmpas arouse - (v.) cyffroi [cyffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. cyffry], deffro (deffroi) [deffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. deffry; 2.s.imp. deffro], dihuno [dihun-] { <B>Cyffroi</B> is arouse in the sense of excite. } { <B>Deffro (deffroi)</B> is arouse in the sense of wake from sleep. } { <B>Dihuno</B> is arouse in the sense of wake from sleep. } arraign - (v.) cyhuddo o flaen brawdle arrange - (v.) trefnu [trefn-] arrangement - (n.) trefn [-au, f.], trefniad [-au, m.], trefniant [trefniannau, m.] arranger - (n.) trefnydd [-ion, m.] arrant - (adj.) cywilyddus, dybryd array - (n.) gwisg [-oedd, f.], trefn [-au, f.] array army - (v.) byddino [byddin-] array - (v.) arwisgo [arwisg-], cyfleu [cyfle-], gwisgo [gwisg-], trefnu [trefn-] arrears - (n.) o+l-ddyled [-ion, f.] arrest - (n.) arestiad [-au, m.], dalfa [dalfeydd, f.] arrest - (v.) arestio [aresti-], atal [atali-; 3.s. etyl, eteil*; 2.s.imp. atal], dal (dala) [dali-; 3.s. dail, deil; 2.s.imp. dal], restio [resti-] arrival - (n.) dyfodiad [-au, m.] arrive at - (v.) cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] { Do not be tempted to use a preposition with "cyrraedd" when it means "arrive at". For example, "cyrraedd Llanbedr" means to arrive in Llanbedr. } arrogance - (n.) balchder (balchedd) [m.], traha [m.], trahauster [m.] arrogant - (adj.) balch [pl. beilch, beilchion; balch- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], trahaus arrogate - (v.) hawlio [hawli-], trawshawlio [trawshawli-] arrow - (n.) saeth [-au, f.] art - (n.) celf [-au, f.], celfyddyd [-au, f.], ystryw [-iau, f.] { <B>Celf</B> is art as the production of pieces of beauty. } { <B>Celfyddyd</B> is art as the production of pieces of beauty. } { <B>Ystryw</B> is art as artifice or trickery. } martial arts - (n.) crefft ymladd artery - (n.) rhedweli [-%au, f.] artful - (adj.) cyfrwys, dichellgar, dyfeisgar, sgilgar, ystrywgar article - (n.) erthygl [-au, f.], nwydd [-au, m.], ysgrif [-au, f.] definite article - (n.) bannod [banodau, f.] articulate - (v.) cymalu [cymal-], cynanu [cynan-] { <B>Cymalu</B> means articulate in the sense of bending a joint. } { <B>Cynanu</B> means articulate in the sense of pronounce clearly. } artifice - (n.) dichell [-ion, f.], dyfais [dyfeisiau, f.], ystryw [-iau, f.] artificer - (n.) celfyddwr [celfyddwyr, m.], crefftwr [crefftwyr, m.], saer [seiri, m.] artificial - (adj.) celfyddydol, dodi, gosod artillery - (n.) offer rhyfel artillery - (n.pl.) magnel [-au, f.] artisan - (n.) crefftwr [crefftwyr, m.] artist - (n.) arlunydd [arlunwyr, m.], artist [m.], celfyddwr [celfyddwyr, m.] artistic - (adj.) artistig, celfydd, celfyddgar artless - (adj.) disyml as - (adv.) cyn, <A HREF="./Lesson05.html#mor">mor</A> { "Mor" is only used to modify adjectives, as in "mor fawr" -- so big. } as bad - (adj.) cynddrwg { "Cynddrwg" is the equative of "drwg". } as base - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as big - (adj.) cymaint { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as broad as - (adj.) cyfled as depressed - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as far - (prep.) hyd [irreg.], tan (dan) [tan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>; dan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>] as fast as he can - (adj.) nerth ei draed as good - (adj.) cystal { "Cystal" is the equative of "da". } as high - (adj.) cyfuwch (cuwch) { "Cyfuwch (cuwch)" is the equative of "uchel". } as humble - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as ignoble - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as little - (adj.) lleied { "Lleied" is the equative of "bach". } as long - (adj.) cyhyd as loud as he can - (adj.) nerth esgyrn ei ben as low - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as lowly - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as many - (adj.) cymaint, cynifer { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as many - (pron.) faint as mean - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as menial - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} as much - (adj.) cymaint { "Cymaint" is the equative of "mawr". } as old - (adj.) hyned { "Hyned" is the equative of "hen". } as well - (adv.) cystal bitter as gall - (adj.) bustlaidd inasmuch as - (conj.) yn gymaint a+ serve as clerk - (v.) clercio [clerci-] so as - (conj.) megis so as - (prep.) megis stroll as minstrels - (v.) clera [cler-] twice as bright as - (adj.) deune as - (conj. & prep.) fel as - (conj.) a+ (ag), megis, ys as - (prep.) megis Asaph, St. - (prop.n.) Llanelwy asbestos - (n.) asbestos [m.], urael [m.], ystinos [m.] asbestos cloth - (n.) urael [m.] ascend - (v.) asgennu [asgenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, asgen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], dringo [dring-], dyrchafael [dyrchafael-], dyrchafu [dyrchaf-; 3.s. dyrchaif*; 2.s.imp. dyrchaf], esgyn [esgynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, esgyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. esgyn], ymddyrchafu [ymddyrchaf-] ascendancy - (n.) goruchafiaeth [f.], uchafiaeth [f.] ascending - (adj.) esgynnol ascension - (n.) dyrchafael [m.], esgyniad [-au, m.] ascent - (n.) dringfa [dringfeydd, f.], esgynfa [esgynfeydd, f.], gorifyny [m.], rhiw [-iau, f.] ascertain - (v.) cael gwybod, mynnu gwybod ascetic - (adj.) asgetig, meudwyaidd, ymgosbol ascetic - (n.) meudwy [-aid, -od, m.] asceticism - (n.) asgetiaeth [f.] ascribe - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], priodoli [priodol-], rhoi (rhoddi) [rhodd-, rho- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 1.s. rhof; 3.s. rhydd, rhy, dyry; 2.s. imp. rho, dyro; 3.s.pres. subj. rhotho] { The literary form of "rhoi" is "rhoddi". } asexual - (adj.) anrhywiol, dirywiol ash - (n.) lludu (lludw) [m.], onnen [onn, ynn, f.] { <B>Lludu (lludw)</B> is the kind of ash a fire leaves behind. } { <B>Onnen</B> is the kind of ash that grows in a forest. } mountain ash - (n.) criafolen [criafol, f.] ashamed - (adj.) ag arno gywilydd be ashamed - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] feel ashamed - (v.) amliwio [amliwi-] ashes - (n.) lludu (lludw) [m.], llutrod [m.] ashes - (n.pl.) ulw ashore - (adv.) ar y lan, i'r lan { <B>Ar y lan</B> is ashore when you're on the shore. } { <B>I'r lan</B> is ashore when you're going ashore. } ashtray - (n.) plat lludw ashy - (adj.) lludlyd aside - (adv.) hwnt, o'r neilltu asinine - (adj.) asynnaidd, mulaidd ask - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], erchi [arch-; 3.s. eirch], gofyn [gofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, gofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gofyn], holi [hol-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. hawl], ymofyn [ymofynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, ymofyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] { <B>Gofyn</B> can be used for asking a question, but can also mean requesting someone to do something. "Ymofyniad" is a request, a going to fetch or buy or whatever some real thing. } { <B>Holi</B> can be used to ask a question; it is to do with enquiry ("ymholiad", an enquiry, a seeking after information). "Holi" has to mean asking after information. } { To ask a question, you "gofyn cwestiwn". To ask a person, you "gofyn i berson". To ask a person a question, you "gofyn i berson am gwestiwn". } { You "erchi i" a person. } askance - (adv.) yn gam, yn llygatraws askew - (adj.) lletbai askew - (adv.) ar letraws, ar osgo aslant - (adv.) ar ei ogwydd asleep - (adv.) yn cysgu, yng nghwsg asp - (n.) asb [-iaid, f.] aspect - (n.) agwedd [-au, mf.], arwedd [-au, -ion, f.], golwg [golygon, mf.], golygwedd [-au, f.], gwedd [-au, -iau, f.], pryd [m.], trem [-iau, f.], wyneb (gwyneb) [-au, m.] { <B>Agwedd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Arwedd</B> is aspect as a feature of a complex matter. } { <B>Golwg</B> is aspect as the sight of something. } { <B>Golygwedd</B> is aspect as a feature of a complex matter. } { <B>Gwedd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Pryd</B> is aspect as the appearance of something. } { <B>Trem</B> is aspect as the sight of something. } { <B>Wyneb (gwyneb)</B> is aspect as the face of something. } aspen - (n.) aethnen [f.] asperity - (n.) gerwindeb (gerwinder) [m.], llymder (llymdra) [m.] asperse - (v.) gwaradwyddo [gwaradwydd-], taenellu [taenell-] aspersion - (n.) difri%ad [m.], enllib [-ion, -iau, m.] asphyxiate - (v.) mygu [myg-], tagu [tag-] aspirate - (v.) seinio ag anadl aspirate mutation - (n.) treigliad llaes aspiration - (n.) dyhead [-au, m.] aspire - (v.) dyheu [dyhe-] ass - (n.) asen [-nod, f.], asyn [-nod, m.] assail - (v.) rhuthro ar, ymosod ar assailant - (n.) ymosodwr [ymosodwyr, m.] assassin - (n.) bradlofrudd [-ion, m.], llofrudd [-ion, m.] assassinate - (v.) bradlofruddio [bradlofruddi-] assassination - (n.) bradlofruddiaeth [f.] assault - (n.) ymosodiad [-au, m.] assault - (v.) rhuthro [rhuthr-], ymosod ar assay - (n.) prawf (praw) [profion, m.] assay - (v.) ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], cynnig [cynigi-], profi [prof-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. prawf] assemble - (v.) cynnull [cynnull-], ymgynnull [ymgynnull-] assembly - (n.) cyman [f.], cymanfa [-oedd, f.], cynulleidfa [-oedd, f.] assent - (n.) cydsyniad [-au, m.] assent - (v.) cydsynio [cydsyni-] assert - (v.) haeru [haer-], honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], mynnu [mynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, myn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. myn] assertion - (n.) haeriad [-au, m.], honiad [-au, m.] assess - (v.) asesu [ases-], prisio [prisi-], trethu (trethi) [treth-] assets - (n.) eiddo [m.] assets - (n.pl.) meddiannau asseverate - (v.) haeru ar ei wir, tyngu [tyng- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyngh- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. twng] assiduity - (n.) dyfalwch [m.] assiduous - (adj.) diwyd, dyfal assign - (v.) gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], penodi [penod-], trosglwyddo [trosglwydd-] assimilate - (v.) cymathu [cymath-], tebygu [tebyg-] { You "tebygu i" something. } assimilation - (n.) cymathiad [m.] assist - (v.) cymorth [cymorth-], cynorthwyo [cynorthwy-], helpu (helpio) [help-, helpi-] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Helpu (helpio)" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } assistance - (n.) cymorth [m.], help [m.] { "Cymorth" is a native Welsh word. } { "Help" is a borrowing from English. It is commonly used. } assistant - (adj.) cynorthwyol assistant - (n.) cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] assize-court - (n.) brawdlys [-oedd, m.] associate - (n.) cydymaith [cymdeithion, m.], cysylltai [cysyllteiau?, m.] associate member - (n.) aelod cyswllt, aelod gohebol associate with - (v.) ymgystlwn [ymgystlyn-] associate - (v.) cyfeillachu [cyfeillach-], cymdeithasu [cymdeithas-], ymgyfeillachu [ymgyfeillach-] association - (n.) cymdeithas [-au, f.], cymdeithasfa [-oedd, f.] C.M. Association - (n.) sasiwn [sasiynau, mf.] word association - (n.) cysylltu geiriau assort - (v.) dosbarthu [dosbarth-], trefnu [trefn-] assortment - (n.) cybolfa [cybolfeydd, f.], cymysgfa [cymysgfeydd, f.] assuage - (v.) dofi [dof-], lleddfu [lleddf-], lliniaru [lliniar-], llonyddu [llonydd-] assume - (v.) cymryd arno, honni [honn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, hon- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], tybio (tybied) [tybi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tyb] { <B>Cymryd arno</B> is assume in the sense of taking on the appearance or personality of something or someone. } { The "arno" in "cymryd arno" is conjugated to reflect the person doing the pretending, as in "Rydw i'n cymryd arnaf" = "I am pretending". } assuming - (adj.) ymhongar assumption - (n.) bwriant [bwriannau, m.], honiad [-au, m.], tyb [-iau, mf.], tybiaeth [-au, f.] assurance - (n.) hyder [m.], hyfder (hyfdra) [m.], sicr.had [m.], sicrwydd [m.] { "Sicr.had" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } { <B>Hyder</B> is assurance in the sense of confidence. } { <B>Hyfder (hyfdra)</B> is assurance in the sense of confidence. } { <B>Sicr.had</B> is the kind of assurance you would give to someone. } { <B>Sicrwydd</B> is the kind of assurance you would give to someone. } assure - (v.) sicr.hau [sicr.- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], yswirio [yswiri-] { "Sicr.hau" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the usual rule. } asterisk - (n.) seren [se+r, f.], serennig [f.?] asthma - (n.) caethder (caethdra) [m.], diffyg anadl asthmatic - (adj.) byr ei wynt, caeth ei frest, myglyd astir - (adv.) mewn cyffro, wedi codi, yn symud astonish - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] astonishing - (adj.) syn astound - (v.) syfrdanu [syfrdan-], synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] astral - (adj.) serol astray - (adj.) ar ddisberod, ar grwydr astray - (adv.) ar gyfeiliorn astride - (adv.) a+'r traed ar led astride - (prep.) acha astrologer - (n.) planedydd [-ion, m.], se+r-ddewin [-iaid, m.] astrology - (n.) se+r-ddewiniaeth [f.] astronaut - (n.) gofodwr [gofodwyr, m.] astronomer - (n.) serydd [-ion, m.], seryddwr [seryddwyr, m.] astronomical - (adj.) seryddol astronomy - (n.) seryddiaeth [f.] astute - (adj.) call, craff, cyfrwys, glew [pl. -ion] asunder - (adv.) ar waha+n, yn drylliau asylum - (n.) noddfa [-+u, noddfeydd, f.] insane asylum - (n.) gwallgofdy [gwallgofdai, m.] lunatic asylum - (n.) gwallgofdy [gwallgofdai, m.] at - (prep.) am [amdan- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], ar [arn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], at [at- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.1. First Conjugation">&prep1</A>], ger, wrth [irreg.], yn (ym; yng) [yn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.5.2. Second Conjugation">&prep2</A>] { The alternate forms of "yn" are a form of <A HREF="./Glossary.html#assimilation">assimilation</A> used when the following word experiences its <A HREF="./AppendixA.html#A.4. Nasal Mutation">nasal mutation</A>. See <A HREF="./Lesson07.html#7.1. How to Say My (and Other Nasally Mutated Things)">Section 7.1</A> for details. } aim at - (v.) ymgeisio [ymgeisi-] arrive at - (v.) cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd] { Do not be tempted to use a preposition with "cyrraedd" when it means "arrive at". For example, "cyrraedd Llanbedr" means to arrive in Llanbedr. } at a gallop - (adv.) ar garlam at all - (adv.) o gwbl, oll at best - (adv.) ar y gorau at hand - (adv.) gerllaw at home - (adv.) gartref at last - (adv.) o'r diwedd at least - (adv.) o leiaf at length - (adv.) bellach at loggerheads - (adv.) penben at night - (adv.) liw nos at random - (adv.) ar amcan, ar antur at the right time - (adj.) ar yr adeg at the same time - (adv.) ar y cyd, ar yr un pryd { <B>Ar y cyd</B> is in co-operation (e.g., we will learn at the same time = we will learn together). } { <B>Ar yr un pryd</B> is simultaneously. } at the time - (adv.) ar y pryd at this time - (adv.) ar hyn o bryd at times - (adv.) ar adegau, ar brydiau become angry at - (v.) digio wrth cease work at eve - (v.) noswylio [noswyli-] glance at - (v.) cipedrych ar jeer at - (v.) coegi [coeg-] laugh at - (v.) chwerthin am ben look at - (v.) edrych ar look closely at - (v.) craffu ar now at length - (adv.) weithian (weithion) shout at - (v.) gweiddi ar smile at - (v.) gwenu ar stay at - (v.) aros wrth take offense (offence) at - (v.) digio wrth atheism - (n.) anffyddiaeth [f.], annuwiaeth [f.] atheist - (n.) anffyddiwr [anffyddwyr, m.], annuw (annuwiad) [annuwiaid, m.] Athens - (prop.n.) Athen athlete - (n.) mabolgampwr [mabolgampwyr, m.] athletic - (adj.) athletaidd (athletig) athletics - (n.pl.) mabolgamp [-au, f.] Atlantic - (prop.n.) Iwerydd atlas - (n.) atlas [f.?], llyfr mapiau atmosphere - (n.) awyrgylch [-au, -oedd, mf.] atmospheric - (adj.) awyrgylchol atom - (n.) atom [-au, mf.], cyrbibyn [cyrbibion, m.], gronyn [grawn, -nau, m.], mymryn [-nau, m.], rhithyn [rhithiau, m.] smashed to atoms - (adj.) chwilfriw atomic - (adj.) atomig atomic power station - (n.) atomfa [-+u, atomfeydd, f.] atomician - (n.) atomegwr [atomegwyr, m.], atomegydd [-ion, m.] atomics - (n.) atomeg [f.] atomism - (n.) atomiaeth [f.] atomize (atomise) - (v.) atomeiddio [atomeiddi-] atone - (v.) gwneud iawn atonement - (n.) cymod [m.], iawn [m.] atoning - (adj.) iawnol atrocious - (adj.) anfad, erchyll, ysgeler atrocity - (n.) erchyllter [-au, m.] atrophy - (n.) annhyfiant [m.] attach - (v.) atafaelu [atafael-], glynu [glyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. gly+n], gosod [gosod-; 3.s. gesyd; 2.s.imp. gosod], ymlynu [ymlyn-] { <B>Atafaelu</B> is attach in the sense of putting a lien on something. } { <B>Glynu</B> is attach when you stick something onto an object; it is a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymlynu</B> is attach when you stick onto an object; it is a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } attachment - (n.) serch [-iadau, m.], ymlyniad [m.] { <B>Serch</B> is an emotional attachment. } { <B>Ymlyniad</B> is the kind of attachment in which one object is affixed to another. } attack - (n.) chwiw [-iau, f.], cyrch [-au, -oedd, m.], gorddin [m.], pwl [pyliau, m.], rhuthr [-au, m.], ymosodiad [-au, m.] attack - (v.) cyrchu [cyrch-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cyrch], rhuthro [rhuthr-], ymosod [ymosod-; 3.s. ymesyd; 2.s.imp. ymosod], ymosod ar attacker - (n.) ymosodwr [ymosodwyr, m.] attain - (v.) cael gafael, cyrraedd (cyr.haeddyd) [cyr.haedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyraedd- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. cyrraedd, cyrraidd*; 2.s.imp. cyrraedd], ennill [enill-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. ennill] attainable - (adj.) cyraeddadwy attainment - (n.) cyr.haeddiad [cyraeddiadau, m.] attempt - (n.) antur [-iau, f.], cais [ceisiadau, m.], cynnig [cynigion, m.], ymgais [ymgeisiadau, mf.] attempt - (v.) anelu [anel-], ceisio [ceisi-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. cais], cynnig [cynigi-] attend - (v.) dilyn [dilyn-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dilyn], gweini [gweinydd-], mynychu [mynych-], ystyried [ystyri-] { <B>Dilyn</B> is attend in the sense of going along with. } { <B>Gweini</B> is attend in the sense of serve. } { <B>Mynychu</B> is attend in the sense of being present. } { <B>Ystyried</B> is attend in the sense of paying attention to. } attend to - (v.) ymorol [ymorol-] attendance - (n.) gwasanaeth [-au, m.], presenoldeb [m.] { <B>Gwasanaeth</B> is attendance in the sense of service. } { <B>Presenoldeb</B> is the kind of attendance you call at a meeting. } attendant - (n.) gweinyddes [-au, f.] attending - (adj.) arail attention - (n.) sylw [-adau, m.], ystyriaeth [-au, f.] attention deficit disorder - (n.) anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio pay attention - (v.) canolbwyntio [canolbwynti-] attentive - (adj.) achlust, astud, ystyriol attentiveness - (n.) astudrwydd [m.] attenuate - (v.) lleihau [llei- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>], teneuo [teneu-] attenuation - (n.) lleihad [m.] attest - (v.) ardystio [ardysti-], gwirio [gwiri-], tystio [tysti-] attestation - (n.) ardystiad [-au, m.] attested - (adj.) ardyst, ardystiedig attic - (n.) nenlofft [-ydd, f.], nennawr [m.?] attire - (n.) dilledyn [dillad, m.], gwisg [-oedd, f.], trwsiad [m.] attire - (v.) gwisgo [gwisg-] attitude - (n.) agwedd [-au, mf.], osgo [m.], ystum [-iau, mf.] { <B>Ystum</B> is the kind of attitude an airplane has with respect to the wind. } attorney - (n.) cyfreithiwr [cyfreithwyr, m.], twrnai [twrneiod, m.] attract - (v.) atynnu [atynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, atyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], denu [den-], hudo [hud-], tynnu [tynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, tyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. tyn, tynn; 2.s.imp. tyn] attraction - (n.) atynfa [atynfeydd, f.], atyniad [-au, m.], tynfa [tynfeydd, f.] attractions - (n.pl.) deniadau attractive - (adj.) atyniadol (atynnol), den.gar, deniadol attractiveness - (n.) den.garwch [m.] attribute - (n.) priodoledd [-au, m.], priodoliaeth [-au, f.] attribute - (v.) cyfrif [cyfrif-], priodoli [priodol-] attrition - (n.) rhathiad [m.], traul [treuliau, f.], treuliad [m.] attune - (v.) cyweirio [cyweiri-], hwylio [hwyli-] auburn - (adj.) brown.goch, gwinau auction - (n.) arwerthiant [arwerthiannau, m.], ocsiwn [m.] sell by auction - (v.) arwerthu [arwerth-] silent auction - (n.) arwerthiant mud auction - (v.) arwerthu [arwerth-] auctioneer - (n.) arwerthwr [arwerthwyr, m.] audacious - (adj.) beiddgar, digywilydd, haerllug, hy (hyf) audacity - (n.) beiddgarwch [m.], ehofndra (ehofnder) [m.], hyfder (hyfdra) [m.] audible - (adj.) clau, clywadwy, hyglyw audience - (n.) cynulleidfa [-oedd, f.] audience - (n.pl.) gwrandawyr audit - (n.) archwiliad [-au, m.] audit accounts - (v.) archwilio cyfrifon audit - (v.) archwilio [archwili-] auditor - (n.) archwiliwr [archwilwyr, m.], clywedydd [-ion, m.], gwrandawr [gwrandawyr, m.] { <B>Archwiliwr</B> is the kind of auditor who audits accounts. } { <B>Clywedydd</B> is the kind of auditor who listens to something. } { <B>Gwrandawr</B> is the kind of auditor who listens to something. } auger - (n.) ebill [-ion, m.], taradr [terydr, m.], trwyddew [m.] aught - (n.) dim [m.] { <B>Dim</B> must appear in a negative context in order to have the meanings "nothing", "aught", "naught", or "nil". } augment - (v.) atodi [atod-], ychwanegu [ychwaneg-] augur - (n.) dewin [-iaid, m.] augur - (v.) argoeli [argoel-], darogan (daroganu) [darogan-] augury - (n.) dewiniaeth [f.] August - (n.) Awst [m.] august - (adj.) mawreddog, urddasol Augustine - (prop.n.) Awstin aunt - (n.) modryb [-edd, f.] auricular confession - (n.) clustgyffes [f.] auspices - (n.) nawdd [m.] auspicious - (adj.) ffafriol, yn argoeli'n dda austere - (adj.) caled [pl. -ion; calet- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], gerwin, llym [f. llem; pl. -ion; llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], tost Australia - (prop.n.) Awstralia Austria - (prop.n.) Awstria autarchy - (n.) awtarchiaeth [-au?, f.] authentic - (adj.) dilys [dilys- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], gwir author - (n.) awdur [-on, -iaid, m.], awdwr [awdwyr, m.] authoress - (n.) awdures [-au, f.] authoritative - (adj.) awdurdodol authority - (n.) awdurdod [-au, m.] authorize (authorise) - (v.) awdurdodi [awdurdod-] authorized (authorised) - (adj.) awdurdodedig authorship - (n.) awduriaeth [f.] autobiography - (n.) hunan.gofiant [hunan.gofiannau, m.] autocracy - (n.) awtocratiaeth [f.], unbennaeth [f.] autocrat - (n.) awtocrat [-iaid, m.], dyn awdurdodol, unben [-iaid, unbyn, m.] autocratic - (adj.) awtocratig autograph - (n.) llofnod [-au, -ion, m.] automatic - (adj.) awtomatig, hunanysgogol automatize (automatise) - (v.) awtomateiddio [awtomateiddi-] automaton - (n.) peiriant dienaid, ymsymudydd [-ion, m.] autonomy - (n.) ymreolaeth [f.] autumn - (n.) hydref [-au, m.] autumnal - (adj.) hydrefol auxiliary - (adj.) ategol, cynorthwyol auxiliary - (n.) cynorthwywr [cynorthwywyr, m.] avail - (n.) budd [-ion, m.], lles [m.] avail - (v.) buddio [buddi-], llesa/u [lles- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>], tycio [tyci- {only 3.s. forms exist}] available - (adv.) ar gael avalanche - (n.) cwymp eira, syrthfa [f.] avarice - (n.) arian.garwch [-au?, m.], cybydd-dod (cybydd-dra) [m.], trachwant [-au, m.] avaricious - (adj.) arian.gar, cybyddlyd avenge - (v.) dial [dial-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dial], dial cam avenger - (n.) dialwr [dialwyr, m.], dialydd [-ion, m.] avenue - (n.) mynedfa [-oedd, mynedfeydd, f.], rhodfa [rhodfeydd, f.] aver - (v.) gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-] average - (n.) canolbris [-iau, m.], cyfartaledd [m.] averse - (adj.) gelynol, gwrthwynebol aversion - (n.) cas [m.], casbeth [-au, m.], gwrthwynebiad [-au, m.] { <B>Cas</B> is the kind of aversion you avoid. } { <B>Casbeth</B> is the kind of aversion you avoid. } { <B>Gwrthwynebiad</B> is the kind of aversion you feel. } avert - (v.) gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], troi heibio aviary - (n.) adardy [adardai, m.] aviator - (n.) awyrennwr [awyrennwyr, m.] avidity - (n.) awch [m.], awydd [-au, m.], gwanc [f.] avocado - (n.) afocado [m.?] avocation - (n.) galwedigaeth [-au, f.], gorchwyl [-ion, m.] avoid - (v.) arbed [arbed-; 3.s. arbed, erbyd*; 2.s.imp. arbed], gochel (gochelyd) [gochel-], golaith [goleith-], osgoi [osgo-], ymogel (ymogelyd) [ymogel-] { "Osgoi" is accented on the final syllable, in contrast to the normal rule. } avoidable - (adj.) gocheladwy avoidance - (n.) gocheliad [-au, m.] avouch - (v.) arddelu (arddelwi) [arddel-], gwirio [gwiri-], haeru [haer-] avow - (v.) addef [addef-], arddel [arddel-], cydnabod [cydna- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&bod</A>] await - (v.) aros [ar.hos- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, aros- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. erys; 2.s.imp. aros], disgwyl am awake - (adj.) anhunawd, di-hun (dihun), effro awake - (v.) deffro (deffroi) [deffro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. deffry; 2.s.imp. deffro], dihuno [dihun-] awakening - (n.) deffroad [-au, m.] award - (n.) dyfarniad [-au, m.] award - (v.) dyfarnu [dyfarn-] aware - (adj.) hysbys, ymwybodol awareness - (n.) arwybod [m.] away - (adv.) ar gerdded, draw, hwnt, i ffwrdd, ymaith do away with - (v.) gwaredu (gwared) [gwared-; 3.s. gwared, gweryd*; 2.s.imp. gwared] move away - (v.) nesu draw pass away - (v.) mynd heibio run away - (v.) baglan [baglan- ?], baglu [bagl-], coedio [coedi-] { <B>Coedio</B> has the meanings "beat" or "escape" only in the N. Wales dialect. } awe - (n.) ofnadwyaeth [f.], parchedig ofn awe - (v.) rhoi arswyd awful - (adj.) aflawen, anaele, arswydus, certh, diffwys, ofnadwy awhile - (adv.) am dro, am ennyd awkward - (adj.) afrwydd, anghyfleus, carbwl, chwithig, lletchwith, llibin, trwsgl [f. trosgl], trwstan tall awkward fellow - (n.) carwden [-ni, f.] awkwardness - (n.) chwithigrwydd [m.], trwstaneiddiwch [m.] awl - (n.) mynawyd [-au, m.] awn - (n.) col [-ion, m.] awning - (n.) cysgodlen [-ni, f.] awry - (adj.) lletbai awry - (adv.) ar letraws, o chwith axe - (n.) bwyell (bwyall) [bwyeill, bwyyll, -i, -au, f.] { The "y" in "bwyell" has the <A HREF="./Lesson01.html#clear">clear</A> sound, in contrast to the normal rule. } axial - (adj.) pegynol axiom - (n.) gwireb [-au, -ion, f.] axis - (n.) echel [-au, f.], pegwn [pegynau, m.] axle - (n.) echel [-au, f.], gwerthyd [-au, -oedd, f.] axletree - (n.) echel [-au, f.] ay - (adv.) <A HREF="./Lesson06.html#ie">ie</A> aye - (adv.) byth, yn wastad azure - (adj.) asur azure - (n.) asur [m.?], glas y ffurfafen </PRE><H2><A NAME="B">B</A></H2> <PRE> babble - (n.) baldordd [m.], dwndwr [m.] babble - (v.) baldorddi (baldorddan) [baldordd-], clebran [clebr-], coethi [coeth-], prepian [prepi-], rwdlan (rwdlo) [rwdl-] { "Rwdlan (rwdlo)" may be more common in N. Wales. } babbler - (n.) baldorddwr [baldorddwyr, m.], clepgi [clepgwn, m.] babbling - (adj.) baldorddus babe - (n.) baban [-od, m.], maban [-od, m.], plentyn bach baby - (n.) baban [-od, m.], babi [m.], maban [-od, m.] babyhood - (n.) babandod [m.], babiaeth [f.] babyish - (adj.) babanaidd, babiaidd Babylon - (prop.n.) Babilon bachelor - (n.) baglor [-ion, m.], dyn dibriod, hen lanc { <B>Baglor</B> is the kind of bachelor who receives a degree at a university. } { <B>Dyn dibriod</B> is the kind of bachelor who has no wife. } { <B>Hen lanc</B> is the kind of bachelor who has no wife. } bachelorship - (n.) bagloriaeth [f.] bacillus - (n.) bacilws [-au?, m.] back - (adj.) o+l back stroke - (n.) nofio cefn flow back - (v.) adlifo [adlif-] give back - (v.) atroi (ad-droi) [atro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, ad-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. atry, ad-dry; 2.s.imp. atro, ad-dro] hark back - (v.) dychwelyd [dychwel-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. dychwel] small of the back - (n.) main y cefn, mein.gefn [-au?, m.] turn back - (v.) atroi (ad-droi) [atro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>, ad-dro- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.2. The Contracted Endings">&i</A>; 3.s. atry, ad-dry; 2.s.imp. atro, ad-dro] turn one's back - (v.) cefnu [cefn-] back - (adv.) gwrthol back - (n.) cefn (cefen) [-au, m.], cil [-iau, -ion, m.], gwar [-rau, mf.], gwegil [mf.], gwrthol [m.], swmer [-au, m.] back - (pfx.) dad- (dat-) { "Dad- (dat-)" causes a soft mutation to the affixed stem. } back - (v.) bacio [baci-], bagio [bagi-], cefnogi [cefnog-], cefnu [cefn-] backbite - (v.) absennu [absenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, absen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] backbiter - (n.) absennwr [absenwyr, m.] back-chain - (n.) carwden [-ni, f.] background - (n.) cefndir [-oedd, m.] backhoe loader - (n.) jac-codi-baw [m.] { Earth diggers in the UK are largely made by a company known as JCB, and some wag decided that this stood for "Jac Codi Baw" (Jack Lifts Dirt), by which they are now popularly known. } backslash - (n.) o+l slaes backslide - (v.) gwrthgilio [gwrthgili-] backslider - (n.) gwrthgiliwr [gwrthgilwyr, m.] backsliding - (n.) gwrthgiliad [-au, m.] backward - (adj.) araf (arafaidd) [araf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], digynnydd, hwyrfrydig backward - (adv.) yn o+l backwards - (adj.) llwr ei gefn backwards - (adv.) yn wysg ei gefn bacon - (n.) bacwn [bacynau, m.], cig moch [m.] flitch of bacon - (n.) hanerob [-au, f.], ystlys mochyn bacteriologist - (n.) bacteriolegwr [bacteriolegwyr, m.] bacteriology - (n.) bacterioleg [f.] bacterium - (n.) bacteriwm [bacteria, m.] bad - (adj.) drwg [cynddrwg; gwaeth; gwaethaf], drygionus, gwael [gwael- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], sa+l [sal- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] as bad - (adj.) cynddrwg { "Cynddrwg" is the equative of "drwg". } bad cold - (n.) annwyd trwm bad luck - (n.) anlwc [m.] bad taste - (n.) adflas [-au, m.] badge - (n.) bathodyn [bathodau, -nau, m.] badger - (n.) broch [-od, -ion, m.], mochyn daear badger - (v.) poeni [poen-], profocio [profoci-] badinage - (n.) cellwair [cellweiriau, m.], ysmaldod [m.] badness - (n.) drygioni [m.] baffle - (v.) drysu [drys-], siomi [siom-], trechu [trech-] bag - (n.) bag [-iau, -au, m.], cod [-au, f.], cwd [cydau, cydiau, m.], ffetan [-au, f.], pwrs [pyrsau, m.] bag - (v.) bagio [bagi-], sachu [sach-] bagful - (n.) codaid (coded) [codeidiau, f.], cydaid (cyded) [cydeidiau, m.] baggage - (n.) clud [mf.], corodyn [m.], pac [-iau, m.] baggage - (n.pl.) celficyn [celfi, m.] baggy - (adj.) codog bah - (interj.) pw bail - (n.) bael [m.], gwystl [-on, m.], mach [m.], mechni [-%on, m.], mechni%ydd [-ion, m.], meichiau [meichiafon, m.] go bail - (v.) mechni%o [mechni%-] bail - (v.) hysbyddu cwch bailiff - (n.) beili [-%aid, -%au, m.], ceisbwl [ceisbyliaid, m.], goruchwyliwr [goruchwylwyr, m.], rhingyll [-iaid, m.] farm bailiff - (n.) hwsmon [hwsmyn, m.] bait - (n.) abwyd (abwydyn) [abwydod, m.] bait - (v.) abwydo [abwyd-], baeddu (maeddu) [baedd-, maedd-], baetio [baeti-], eirthio [eirthi-] bake - (v.) crasu [cras-], pobi [pob-] bakehouse - (n.) popty [poptai, m.] baker - (n.) pobwr [pobwyr, m.], pobydd [-ion, m.] baking - (n.) crasiad [m.], pobiad [-au, m.] Bala - (prop.n.) Y Bala Bala Lake - (prop.n.) Llyn Tegid balance - (n.) clorian [-nau, mf.], cydbwysedd [m.], gweddill [-ion, m.], mantol [-ion, f.] { <B>Clorian</B> is the kind of balance you use to weigh things. } { <B>Cydbwysedd</B> is the kind of balance you maintain when you walk a tightrope. } { <B>Gweddill</B> is the kind of balance that remains when some have been taken away. } { <B>Mantol</B> is the kind of balance you use to weigh things. } balance sheet - (n.) mantolen [-ni, f.] balance - (v.) cloriannu [cloriann- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, clorian- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], mantoli [mantol-] { <B>Cloriannu</B> is balance when you weigh on a scale. } { <B>Mantoli</B> is balance when you weigh on a scale. } balcony - (n.) balcon [m.?], oriel [-au, f.] bald - (adj.) moel [pl. -ion], penfoel become bald - (v.) moeli [moel-] make bald - (v.) moeli [moel-] balderdash - (n.) baldordd [m.], ffiloreg [f.], ffregod [-au, f.], lol [f.] baldness - (n.) moelni [m.] bale - (n.) pwn [pynnau, m.], sypyn [-nau, m.] bale - (v.) hysbyddu cwch baleful - (adj.) alaethus, galarus, gresynol balk (baulk) - (n.) balc [-iau, m.], sinach [-od, sinechydd, m.], siom [-au, f.] full of balks (baulks) - (adj.) balciog balk (baulk) - (v.) balcio [balci-], llesteirio (llestair) [llesteiri-], seithugio [seithugi-], siomi [siom-], ystyffylu [ystyffyl-] ball - (n.) bw+l [bylau, m.], cnapan [-au, m.], dawns [-iau, f.], dawnsfa [f.], pe+l [pelau, peli, f.], pellen [-nau, -ni, f.] { <B>Dawns</B> is the kind of ball you dance at. } { <B>Dawnsfa</B> is the kind of ball you dance at. } { <B>Pe+l</B> is the kind of ball you roll. } { <B>Pellen</B> is specifically a ball of yarn. } ballad - (n.) baled [-i, -au, f.], dyri (dyrif) [dyri%au, dyrifau, f.] composer of ballads - (n.) baledwr [baledwyr, m.] balladic - (adj.) baledol balladmonger - (n.) baledwr [baledwyr, m.] ballast - (n.) balast [m.?] ballet - (n.) bale [-oedd?, m.] ballistics - (n.) balisteg [f.] balloon - (n.) awyren [-nau, -ni, f.], balw+n [-au, mf.] ballot - (n.) balot [m.], tugel [-ion, m.] balluster - (n.) balustr [m.] balm - (n.) balm [m.], triagl [m.] balmy - (adj.) balmaidd balsam - (n.) triagl [m.] bamboo - (n.) bambw+ [m.] bamboozle - (v.) llygad-dynnu [llygad-dynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, llygad-dyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], twyllo [twyll-] ban - (n.) diofryd [m.], ysgymundod [m.] ban - (v.) diofrydu [diofryd-], gwahardd [gwahardd-; 3.s. gwaheirdd*], ysgymuno [ysgymun-] banal - (adj.) cyffredin, sathredig band - (n.) aig (eigiau) [f.], band [-au, -iau, m.], caw [-iau, -au, m.], cengl [-au, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.], rhwymyn [-nau, m.], seindorf [seindyrf, f.], ysnoden [-ni, f.] { <B>Mintai</B> is band in the sense of troop. } { <B>Rhwymyn</B> is band as in a narrow strip. } { <B>Seindorf</B> is the kind of band that plays music. } Band of Hope - (n.) gobeithlu [-oedd, m.] broad band - (n.) band llydan intermediate band - (n.) band canol narrow band - (n.) band cul percussion band - (n.) seindorf daro wide band - (n.) band llydan bandage - (n.) rhwymyn [-nau, m.] bandage - (v.) rhwymo [rhwym-], rhwymynnu [rhwymynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, rhwymyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] bandbox - (n.) bocs hetiau bandit - (n.) herwr [herwyr, m.], ysbeiliwr [ysbeilwyr, m.] bandwidth - (n.) lled band, llinled [m.] bandy - (v.) taflu yn o+l a blaen bandy-legged - (adj.) bon.gam, coesgam bane - (n.) dinistr [-oedd, m.], melltith [-ion, f.] baneful - (adj.) adwythig, andwyol, dinistriol bang - (n.) ergyd [-ion, f.], twrf [tyrfau, m.] bang - (v.) clepian [clepi-], curo [cur-], dulio [duli-] bangle - (n.) breichled [-au, -i, f.] banish - (v.) alltudio [alltudi-], deol [deol-] banishment - (n.) alltudedd [-au, m.], alltudiaeth [f.] banjo - (n.) bandor [m.] bank - (n.) ariandy [ariandai, m.], banc [-iau, m.], banc [bencydd, m.], ceulan [-nau, ceulennydd, f.], glan [-nau, glennydd, f.], mainc [meinciau, f.], ponc (poncen) [ponciau, f.], poncyn [ponciau, m.], rhes [-i, -au, f.] { <B>Ariandy</B> is the kind of bank you keep money in. } { <B>Banc</B> with plural "banciau" is the kind of bank you keep money in. } { <B>Banc</B> with plural "bencydd" is the kind of bank on the side of a hill. } { <B>Glan</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Mainc</B> is the kind of bank you sit on. } { <B>Ponc (poncen)</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Poncyn</B> is the kind of bank that lines a river. } { <B>Rhes</B> is the kind of bank you line things up in. } bank of river - (n.) torlan [torlennydd, -nau, f.] bank of sand - (n.) traethell [-au, f.] bank - (v.) bancio [banci-] banker - (n.) ariannydd [arianyddion, m.], bancwr [bancwyr, m.] bankrupt - (n.) methdalwr [methdalwyr, m.] bankruptcy - (n.) methdaliad [-au, m.] banner - (n.) amlygyn [-nau, m.], baner [-i, -au, f.], baniar [banieri, mf.], lluman [-au, m.] bannered - (adj.) banerog banns - (n.pl.) gosteg [-ion, f.] banquet - (n.) gwledd [-oedd, f.] banquet - (v.) gwledda [gwledd-] bantam - (n.) coriar [corieir, f.], dandi [m.?] banter - (n.) cellwair [cellweiriau, m.], ysmaldod [m.] banter - (v.) cellwair [cellweir- ?], profocio [profoci-] baptism - (n.) bedydd [-iau, m.] baptismal - (adj.) bedyddiol Baptist - (n.) Bedyddiwr [Bedyddwyr, m.] baptistry - (n.) bedyddfa [bedyddfa+u, bedyddfeydd, f.] baptize - (v.) bedyddio [bedyddi-] baptized - (adj.) bedyddiol bar - (n.) bar [-rau, m.], bollt [-au, -ydd, byllt, m.], calen [-ni, -nau, f.], rhwystr [-au, m.], trosol [-ion, m.] { <B>Bar</B> means "bar" in the following senses: (1) A piece of metal. (2) A place where prisoners stand in a court. (3) The counter in a tavern. (4) A measure of poetry or music. } { <B>Rhwystr</B> is bar in the sense of an obstacle. } horizontal bar - (n.) bar llorwedd parallel bars - (n.) barrau cyflin sand bar - (n.) traethell [-au, f.] wall bars - (n.) barrau gwal bar - (v.) bario [bari-], eithrio [eithri-] barb - (n.) adfach [-au, m.], barf [-au, f.] { <B>Adfach</B> is the kind of barb on a hook. } { <B>Barf</B> is the kind of barb men grow on their faces. } barbarian - (n.) anwar (anwarddyn) [-iaid, m.], anwariad [anwariaid, m.], barbariad [barbariaid, m.] barbaric - (adj.) anninasol (anninasaidd*) barbarism - (n.) barbariaeth [m.] barbarity - (n.) anwareidd-dra [m.], barbareidd-dra [m.], barbareiddiwch [m.] barbarize - (v.) barbareiddio [barbareiddi-] barbarous - (adj.) anwar [anwar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], anwaraidd barber - (n.) barbwr [barbwyr, m.], barfwr [barfwyr, m.], eilliwr [eillwyr, m.] bard - (n.) bardd [beirdd, m.], prydydd [-ion, m.] chaired bard - (n.) cadeirfardd [cadeirfeirdd, m.] chief bard - (n.) prifardd [prifeirdd, m.] bardic - (adj.) barddol, barddoni%aidd bardism - (n.) barddas [mf.] bards - (n.) cle+r [coll.f.] Bardsey Island - (prop.n.) Ynys Enlli bare - (adj.) llwm [f. llom; pl. llymion], moel [pl. -ion], noeth [pl. -ion], prin [pl. -ion; prin- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>] { <B>Prin</B> is the way a cupboard is bare. } make bare - (v.) llymhau [llym- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] bare - (v.) dinoethi [dinoeth-], noethi [noeth-] bare-backed - (adj.) cefnllwm bare-bottomed - (adj.) bonllwm barefaced - (adj.) wynebgaled barefoot - (adj.) troednoeth barefooted - (adj.) troednoeth bare-head - (n.) moelyn [m.] bare-headed - (adj.) pennoeth barely - (adv.) o'r braidd, prin bareness - (n.) llymder (llymdra) [m.], moelni [m.], noethder [m.] bargain - (n.) bargen [bargeinion, -ion, -iau, f.] bargain - (v.) bargeinio (bargenna) [bargeini-, bargenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, bargen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] barge - (n.) bad mawr, ysgraff [-au, f.] baritone - (n.) barito+n [m.] bark - (n.) barc [m.], cyfarthiad [-au, m.], llestr [-i, m.], llong [-au, f.], rhisgl [m.] { <B>Barc</B> is a borrowing of the English "bark" describing what a tree has. } { <B>Cyfarthiad</B> is the kind of bark a dog produces. } { <B>Rhisgl</B> is the usual word describing a tree's cover. } bark - (v.) arthio (arthu) [arthi-], coethi [coeth-], cyfarth [cyfarth-], digroeni [digroen-], dirisglo [dirisgl-] { <B>Cyfarth</B> is what a dog does. } { <B>Digroeni</B> is removing the outer covering of something. } { <B>Dirisglo</B> is removing the bark from a tree. } barley - (n.) barlysyn [barlys, m.] grain of barley - (n.) heidden [haidd, f.] barley - (n.pl.) haidd, heidden [haidd, f.] barleycorn - (n.) heidden [haidd, f.] barm - (n.) berem [m.], berman [m.], burum (burman) [m.] Barmouth - (prop.n.) Abermo, Y Bermo barn - (n.) ysgubor [-iau, f.] barometer - (n.) baromedr [m.], hinfynegydd [-ion, m.] baron - (n.) arglwydd [-i, m.], barwn [-iaid, m.], bre%yr [brehyrion, -iaid, m.] baroness - (n.) barwnes [-au, f.] baronet - (n.) barwnig [-iaid, m.] baronial - (adj.) barwnol barony - (n.) barwniaeth [-au, f.] barrack - (n.) gwersyllty [gwersylltai, m.], lluest [-au, m.], lluesty [lluestai, m.] barrage - (n.) argae [-au, m.], clawdd [cloddiau, m.] barrel - (n.) baril [-au, mf.], casgen (casg) [-ni, casgiau, f.] barren - (adj.) amhlantadwy, anffrwythlon, anghyfeb, diffrwyth, hysb [f. hesb; pl. hysbion] barren cow - (n.) myswynog [-ydd, -au, f.] make barren - (v.) diffrwytho [diffrwyth-] barrenness - (n.) diffrwythdra (diffrwythder) [m.] barricade - (n.) atalglawdd [atalgloddiau, m.] barricade - (v.) cau [cae-; 3.s. cae; 2.s.imp. cau, caua, caea] barrier - (n.) atalfa [atalfeydd, f.], ffin [-iau, f.], rhwystr [-au, m.], terfyn [-au, m.] barrister - (n.) bargyfreithiwr [bargyfreithwyr, m.], cyfreithiwr [cyfreithwyr, m.], twrnai [twrneiod, m.] barrow - (n.) berfa [berfa+u, berfeydd, f.], crug [-iau, m.], whilber [m.?] { <B>Berfa</B> is the kind of barrow you wheel around. } { <B>Crug</B> is the kind of barrow you might bury someone under. } { <B>Whilber</B> is a borrowed word for the kind of barrow you wheel around. } barter - (n.) cyfnewid [-iau, m.] barter - (v.) cyfnewid [cyfnewidi-], ffeirio [ffeiri-] Bartholomew - (prop.n.) Bartholomeus base - (adj.) anwych, diffaith, distadl, gau, gwael [gwael- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.4. Endings for Adjectives">&adj</A>], isel [ised; is; isaf] as base - (adj.) ised { "Ised" is the equative of "isel".} base coin - (n.) arian drwg base - (n.) bo+n [bonau, bonion, m.], sail [seiliau, f.], sylfaen [sylfeini, f.] { <B>Bo+n</B> is the kind of base that is at the bottom of something. } { <B>Sail</B> is the kind of base you build upon. } { <B>Sylfaen</B> is the kind of base you build upon. } base - (v.) seilio [seili-], sylfaenu [sylfaen-] baseless - (adj.) di-sail bashful - (adj.) cywilyddgar, gw+yl, gwylaidd, swil, yswil bashfulness - (n.) gwylder [m.], gwyleidd-dra [m.], swilder [m.], yswildod [m.] basin - (n.) basn [-ys, -au, m.], cawg [-iau, m.], dysgl [-au, f.], mail [meiliau, f.] basis - (n.) sail [seiliau, f.], sylfaen [sylfeini, f.] bask - (v.) tor.heulo [tor.heul-], ymheulo [ymheul-] bask in the sun - (v.) bolheulo [bolheul-] basket - (n.) basged [-i, -au, f.], cawell [cewyll, m.] round basket without handle - (n.) gwyntell [-i, -au, f.] basketful - (n.) basgedaid (basgeded) [basgedeidiau, f.], cawellaid (cawelled) [cawelleidiau, m.] basket-maker - (n.) basgedwr [basgedwyr, m.], cawellwr [cawellwyr, m.] bas-relief - (n.) basgerfiad [-au, m.] bass - (adj.) bas bass - (n.) bas [-au, m.], isalaw [-on, f.] bastard - (n.) bastard (bastart) [-iaid, m.], plentyn gordderch female bastard - (n.) bastardes [-au, f.] bastardy - (n.) bastardiaeth [f.] baste - (v.) brasbwytho [brasbwyth-], brasteru [braster-], ffonodio [ffonodi-], ffustio (ffusto) [ffusti-, ffust-], iro [ir-] { <B>Brasteru</B> is baste in the sense of putting grease over something. } { <B>Ffonodio</B> is baste in the sense of beat. } { <B>Ffustio (ffusto)</B> is baste in the sense of beat. } { <B>Iro</B> is baste in the sense of putting grease over something. } bastinado - (v. & n.) ffonodio gwadnau'r traed bat - (n.) bat [-iau, m.], ystlum (slumyn) [-od, m.] { <B>Bat</B> is the kind of bat you hit a ball with. } { <B>Ystlum (slumyn)</B> is the kind of bat that flies at night. } bat - (v.) batio [bati-] batch - (n.) ffyrnaid [m.], pobiad [-au, m.], swp [sypiau, m.], sypyn [-nau, m.] bath - (n.) badd [-au, m.], baddon [-au, m.], bath [-au, m.], ymolchfa [ymolchfeydd, f.] bathe - (v.) golchi [golch-; 3.s. gylch; 2.s.imp. golch], ymdrochi [ymdroch-], ymolchi [ymolch-] { (bathe} <B>Golchi</B> is bathe as a <A HREF="./Glossary.html#transitive verb">transitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymdrochi</B> is bathe as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } { <B>Ymolchi</B> is bathe as an <A HREF="./Glossary.html#intransitive verb">intransitive verb</A>. } bather - (n.) ymdrochwr [ymdrochwyr, m.] bathetic - (adj.) affwysol bathos - (n.) affwysedd [m.] bathroom - (n.) ty+ bach baton - (n.) arweinffon [arweinffyn, f.], byrllysg [-au, mf.], llawffon [llawffyn, f.], pastwn [pastynau, m.] { <B>Arweinffon</B> is the kind of baton used by an orchestra's conductor. } { <B>Byrllysg</B> is baton as a weapon. } { <B>Llawffon</B> is the kind of baton you twirl. } { <B>Pastwn</B> is baton as a weapon. } battalion - (n.) bataliwn [m.?], byddin [-oedd, f.], mintai [minteioedd, f.] batten - (v.) ymbesgi [ymbesg-], ymfrasa/u [ymfras- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.4. The -a/u Endings">&a/u</A>] batter - (n.) batwr [batwyr, m.], defnydd crempog batter - (v.) curo [cur-], pwyo [pwy-] battery - (n.) batri [m.], cyflegr [-au, m.], magnelfa [f.] { <B>Batri</B> is the battery that provides electricity. } { <B>Cyflegr</B> is the kind of battery that is a heavy weapon. } { <B>Magnelfa</B> is the kind of battery that stores weapons. } battle - (n.) aerfa [f.], arfod [f.], bragad [f.], brwydr [-au, f.], cad [-au, -oedd, f.], cyfergyr [f.], cyfrysedd [-au, mf.], gorun [m.], gryd [m.], trin [-oedd, f.] battle cry - (n.) rhyfelgri [-au, -oedd, m.] battle - (v.) brwydro [brwydr-] battle-axe - (n.) cadfwyell (cadfwyall) [cadfwyeill, cadfwyyll, m.] battlement - (n.) canllaw [-iau, m.], murganllaw [-iau, m.] battleship - (n.) cadlong [-au, f.] bauble - (n.) ffril [-ion, m.], tegan [-au, m.] bawl - (v.) bloeddio (bloeddian) [bloeddi-], crochlefain [crochlef-], cwrnad [cwrnad-], gweiddi (gwaeddi) [gweidd-, gwaedd-], lleisio [lleisi-] bay - (adj.) gwinau, gwineugoch bay of building - (n.) cowlas [-au, mf.] bay - (n.) bachwy [-on, m.], bae [-au, m.], cilfach [-au, f.], cyfarth [m.], llawryf [-oedd, m.] { <B>Bae</B> is the kind of bay with water. } { <B>Cyfarth</B> is the kind of bay you do at the moon. } bay - (v.) cyfarth [cyfarth-] bayonet - (n.) bidog [-au, mf.] bayonet - (v.) bidogi [bidog-] bazaar - (n.) basa+r [m.?], nodachfa [nodachfeydd, f.] be - (v.) bod [irreg.] be abashed - (v.) yswilio [yswili-] be able - (v.) dichon [def.], gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } { <B>Dichon</B> expresses an abstract sort of potentiality: it is usually translated as if it were the adverb "perhaps" (= it might be that). "Fe ddichon fod": it might be (that). There is a school of thought that says that "dichon" is archaic; since I use it myself I do not subscribe to this. } be able to - (v.) gallu [gall-; 3.s. gall, geill; 2.s.imp. gall], medru [medr-; 3.s. & 2.s.imp. medr] { "Gallu" is used predominantly in S. Wales. } { "Medru" is used predominantly in N. Wales. Compared to "gallu", it has the additional sense of "know how to". } be amazed - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] be angry - (v.) llidio [llidi-] be anxious - (v.) pryderu [pryder-] be ashamed - (v.) cywilyddio [cywilyddi-] be besotted with - (v.) bod wedi mopio efo be born - (v.) geni [gan- {only impers. forms exist}] be confused - (v.) drysu [drys-] be conscious of - (v.) ymdeimlo [ymdeiml-] be contemporary - (v.) cyfoesi [cyfoes-] be content - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] be derived - (v.) hanu [han-], tarddu [tardd-, 3.s. & 2.s.imp. tardd] be descended - (v.) hanu [han-] be displeased - (v.) sorri [sorr- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, sor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] be frightened - (v.) dychrynu [dychryn-] be hurt - (v.) anafu [anaf-] be in service - (v.) gweini [gweinydd-] be inclined - (v.) ymglywed [ymglyw-] be jealous - (v.) cenfigennu [cenfigenn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cenfigen- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], eiddigeddu [eiddigedd-], gwenwyno [gwenwyn-] { You "cenfigennu wrth" a person. } } be lazy - (v.) diogi [diog-] be lost - (v.) colli [coll-; 3.s. cyll; 2.s.imp. coll] { (perish} <B>Colli</B> is perish when something dies. } be mad - (v.) ynfydu [ynfyd-] be obliged - (v.) gorfod [gor- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.5. The -bod and -fod Endings">&fod</A>; 3.s. goryw*] be obstinate - (v.) cildynnu [cildynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cildyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>], cyndynnu [cyndynn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, cyndyn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>] be of good courage - (v.) ymwroli [ymwrol-] be present - (v.) presenoli [presenol-] be reconciled - (v.) cymodi [cymod-] be related - (v.) perthyn [perthyn-] be related to - (v.) perthyn i be restless - (v.) anesmywtho [anesmywth-] be satisfied - (v.) bodloni [bodlon-] be satisfied with - (v.) bodloni ar be silent - (v.) tewi [taw-; 3.s. tau*; 2.s.imp. taw] be sorry - (v.) edifar.hau (edifaru) [edifar- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>, edifar-] be strong - (v.) ymgryfhau [ymgryf- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#C.2.3. The -hau Endings">&hau</A>] be surprised - (v.) synnu [synn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&1">&1</A>, syn- <A HREF="./AppendixC.html#&2+">&2+</A>; 3.s. synn] be uneasy - (