Index
1-set in Xanadu content links; [Nelson 1999k] 2-set in Xanadu content links; [Nelson 1999k] 3 1/2D graphics as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] 3-set in Xanadu content links; [Nelson 1999k] 3D visualization hypertext, with spatial environments, [Dieberger 1995] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] of WWW; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Aalborg University HBMS research; [Wiil 1999c] publications; [Wiil 1999c] Aarhus University HBMS research; [Wiil 1999c] Aarseth, Espin J. bibliographic references, [Aarseth 1997]; [Bernstein 1999] Aberer, Karl bibliographic references, [Bapat 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] abstractions See Also concepts data, HMOS relationship; [Wiil 1999c] different levels CASE environment support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] support for, (figure); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] methods, Integrating Content Search with Structure Analysis for Hypermedia Retrieval and Management; [Li 1999] structural, vs. data-based abstractions, as SC defining characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] visualization issues; [Mukherjea 1999] access control, as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] information domain relationship analysis of; [Bieber 1999] large hypertext issues; [Tudhope 1999] maximum, domain relationship analysis support of; [Bieber 1999] modification, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] namespace, in XPath, [Bray 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] non-sequential, hypertext as; [Lewis 1999] access mechanisms See browsing indexing IR (information retrieval) maps navigation paths search spatial tours trails views See Also structure(s) Ackermann, Philipp bibliographic references, [Ackermann 1994]; [Hardman 1999a] ACM Computing Classification, [ACM 1998] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] copyright policy, [Denning 1998] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright endorsement in principle, [Denning 1998] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] acteme See Also activities trail marking activities relationship to, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] activities See Also dynamic social networks, trail making; [Reich 1999a] trail-making, components of; [Reich 1999a] user, trail generation by; [Reich 1999a] ad hoc dependencies, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] adaptive hypermedia See AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework"; [De Bra 1999] address(es)/addressing See Also ID (identifiers) naming versioning centralized root node management, vs. Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] content links advantages over address-based links; [Nelson 1999k] in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] fragility, as deficiency W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] global address space Internet difficulties with; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu management of; [Nelson 1999k] HTML alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] HTML deficiencies that XML addresses; [DeRose 1999a] HTML link disadvantages; [Verbyla 1999] HTML link limitations; [Verbyla 1999] mechanisms distinguished from, linkiing; [DeRose 1999a] permanent, as hallmark of Xanadu data model; [Nelson 1999k] referential data model, transclusion finding with; [Nelson 1999k] stabilized universal addresses, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] tumbler, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu enfilade theory; [Nelson 1999k] XPath, limitations; [DeRose 1999a] XPointer, XPath relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] address-based links limitations; [Verbyla 1999] "afternoon: a story" divergent experiences in reading; [Bernstein 1999] [Joyce 1990] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] link topology analysis; [Bernstein 1999] agents See Also AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) AI (artificial intelligence) dynamic intermediary hypertext CASE environment role; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in MetaEdit+, (figure); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] software [Carr 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Pikrakis 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems; [Reich 1999a] trail-making use; [Reich 1999a] versioning, in HyperClas, [Dattolo 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] aggregation See Also collections composites as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] structures, missing from the WWW; [Li 1999] aging See Also versioning of browsing history, fogging as technique for; [Benford 1999] Agosti, Maristella bibliographic references [Agosti 1995]; [Tudhope 1999] [Agosti 1996]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Agosti 1997]; [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] Agrawal, Rakesh bibliographic references, [Chakrabarti 1998a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) See Also dynamic guard fields hypertext/hypermedia, system types "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework²; [De Bra 1999] customization need addressed by; [Bodner 1999a] framework for; [De Bra 1999] hypermedia reference model, [De Bra 1999] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] links, dynamic links vs.; [Bodner 1999a] navigation support; [De Bra 1999] [Brusilovsky 1996] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] presentations; [De Bra 1999] support, [Brusilovsky 1996] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] use of grayed out text, [Hothi 1998] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] review of techniques and systems, [Brusilovsky 1996] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] supplementing authored links with dynamically generated links in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] user model role; [Bodner 1999a] Aiken, Peter bibliographic references, [Roth 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Akscyn, Robert M. bibliographic references [Akscyn 1988]; [Wiil 1999c], [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [McCracken 1984]; [Hardman 1999a] Al-Halimi, Reem bibliographic references [Al-Halimi 1998]; [Green 1999a] [Kazman 1996]; [Green 1999a] Alexander, Christopher bibliographic references, [Alexander 1977]; [Rossi 1999] algorithms See Also patterns co-citation, Web path identification use; [Li 1999] companion, Web path identification use; [Li 1999] crawling; [Li 1999] graph; [Kleinberg 1999] greedy, lexical chaining; [Green 1999a] HyperClass iterative relaxation algorithm, circularity resolution by, [Chakrabarti 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] information retrieval, as link discovery technique, [Allen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] lexical chaining [Barzilay 1997] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Hirst 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Stairmand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] non-numerical; [Kleinberg 1999] search, potential for universal address space analysis; [Nelson 1999k] topic distillation; [Li 1999] Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] alias as transclusion form; [Nelson 1999k] Allan, James bibliographic references [Agosti 1997]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Allan 1997]; [Green 1999a], [Wilkinson 1999] Allen, James bibliographic references, [Allen 1996]; [Verbyla 1999] Allinson, Lesley bibliographic references, [Hammond 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Alter, Steven bibliographic references, [Alter 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] ambiguity constructive, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] importance in literary interpretation; [Shipman 1999a] representation difficulties, as open hypermedia research challege; [Shipman 1999a] representation in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] as WWW information retrieval problem; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Amerika, Mark See Also fiction (hypertext) bibliographic references, [Amerika 1997]; [Bernstein 1999] Amsellem, Maurice bibliographic references, [Amsellem, 1995]; [Anderson 1999b] Amsterdam Hypertext Model See time analysis See Also argumentation classification relationships taxonomy user studies citation analysis methods, scientific journal, [Egghe 1990] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] content, indexing and; [Li 1999] cost/benefit, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] document, transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] Generalized Similarity Analysis framework, as virtual hypertext structuring mechanism; [Mukherjea 1999] prominance ranking of social networks, [Hubbell 1965] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] of social networks, [Katz 1953] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] of social networks, [Wasserman 1994] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] relationship; [Bieber 1999] application, [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] tools and methods for; [Bieber 1999] scholarly, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] structure, integration with content search; [Li 1999] universal address space, Xanadu approaches; [Nelson 1999k] anchors See Also link(s)/linking definition; [Verbyla 1999] as Dexter hypertext reference model, hypertext component; [Carr 1999] fine-grained as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] XPath support; [DeRose 1999a] link relationships to; [Davis 1999a] location of embedded; [Davis 1999a] external, in link databases; [Davis 1999a] as nested, as potential consequence of separation of links and documents; [Verbyla 1999] term definition, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] Anderson, Kenneth M. See Also Chimera ACM-CSHT publications, "Supporting software engineering with open hypermedia"; [Anderson 1999b] bibliographic references [Anderson 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Anderson 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] [Anderson 1997]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] [Anderson, 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] [Anderson, 1999a]; [Anderson 1999b] [Anderson, 1999b]; [Anderson 1999b] [Anderson 1999b]; [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] Andrews, Keith See Also Hyper-G bibliographic references, [Andrews 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Carr 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] annotations See Also bookmarks collaborative/collaboration commentary extensibility reader(s)/reading Xanadu assistants, hypertext authoring system use for; [Furner 1999] controversy over, [Krantz 1999]; [Cailliau 1999] of design diagrams, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] emergent, versioning encouragement of, [Maioli 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] external, as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] external links advantages for; [DeRose 1999a] HTML link reference issues; [DeRose 1999a] as hypermedia journal need; [Treloar 1999] hypertext, added value for computer applications; [Bieber 1999a] as hypertext role in CASE; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] link, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] link specification issues; [Verbyla 1999] mechanisms that constitute; [Bieber 1999a] personal, hypertext authoring system use for; [Furner 1999] potential as linkbase advantage, [Davis 1995] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] as linkbase advantage, [Röscheisen 1995] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] WWW, Microcosm use; [DeRose 1999a] Xanadu content link advantages; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] applets See Also WWW (World Wide Web), enhancement tools as HTML deficiencies workaround; [DeRose 1999a] application(s) See Also OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) adding hypertext functionality to; [Bieber 1999a] HTF support inter-application requirements; [Bieber 1999a] intra-application vs. inter-application; [Bieber 1999a] hypermedia, developing, methods and patterns use for; [Rossi 1999] interpenetrating structures as alternative to, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] MOS middleware services handling; [Wiil 1999c] non-hypertext, providing hypertext support for; [Bieber 1999a] relationships among objections and functions, design issues; [Bieber 1999] analysis of; [Bieber 1999] retrofitting hypertext into; [Bieber 1999a] system design, hypertext primary vs. hypertext supplemental; [Bieber 1999a] third-party integration, as OHS characteristic; [Anderson 1999b] integration, as OHS characteristic, [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] integration, as OHS characteristic, [Whitehead 1997] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] applicative linking in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] "Applying Hypertext and Hypermedia to Scholarly Journals Enables Both Product and Process Innovation"; [Treloar 1999] Aquanet See Also Marshall, Catherine C. spatial hypertext VIKI Xerox PARC user experiences, [Marshall 1992] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] arc term definition, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] ARC as topic distillation technique, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] architecture See Also framework(s) client-server, Microcosm alternative to; [Carr 1999] information, semantic tagging role; [Tudhope 1999] Microcosm; [Carr 1999] open, as MOS environment characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] open hypermedia services; [Carr 1999] archival/archiving See Also versioning multimedia data, Microcosm link service for; [Carr 1999] stability, as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] versioning importance in; [Vitali 1999] Arents, Hans C. bibliographic references, [Arents 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] argumentation See Also analysis gIBIS electronic requirements; [Nelson 1999k] structures capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] capturing in hypertext link topologies, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] support [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] (footnote); [Kopak 1999] as hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] [McCall et al. 1990] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997], (footnote) bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] Arnold, Mary Kim See Also Eastgate, authors fiction bibliographic references, [Arnold 1993]; [Bernstein 1999] Arocena, Gustavo bibliographic references, [Arocena 1998]; [Li 1999] arrival See Also Landow, George as component of link semantics; [Verbyla 1999] Art and Architecture Thesaurus [AAT 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] as thesaurus example, [AAT 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Ashman, Helen See Also models/modeling, of hypertext concepts ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypertext in the Web - a history"; [Cailliau 1999] bibliographic references [Ashman 1997]; [Bodner 1999a], [Wilkinson 1999], [Bieber 1999a], [Verbyla 1999] [Ashman 1997a]; [Verbyla 1999] [Ashman 2000]; [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997]; [Reich 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997b]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Nürnberg 1999]; [Shipman 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Verbyla 1994]; [Verbyla 1999], [Cailliau 1999] Aslandogan, Y. Alp bibliographic references, [Aslandogan 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Assfalg, Rolf bibliographic references, [Rittberger 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] associative/associations See Also correlation link(s)/linking of behavior with XML element types, stylesheets use for; [DeRose 1999a] building among data [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nelson 1967] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] structural computing support; [Wiil 1999c] links navigation use; [Lewis 1999] in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] recall use in information access, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] relationships, as thesaurus relationship; [Tudhope 1999] atemporal composites See Also time gathering mechanism for; [Hardman 1999a] SMIL 1.0 omission; [Hardman 1999a] Atkins, Madeleine J. bibliographic references [Atkins 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Yildiz 1993]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] attributes See Also classification properties type(s)/typing document, linking based on; [Carr 1999] link, Linking Ability support of queries over; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of links; [Verbyla 1999] as multiple open services core hypermedia service; [Wiil 1999c] named, in XML; [DeRose 1999a] relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] visual, relationship representation by; [Shipman 1999a] audio See Also hypermedia multimedia content-based retrieval, MIDI format advantages; [Lewis 1999] data, Microcosm link service for; [Carr 1999] XML element class advantages for; [DeRose 1999a] auditorium metaphor See Also metaphors as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Terveen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Augment/NLS See Also pioneer projects hyper-document branching, [Engelbart 1984] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] augmentation See Also AHS (adaptive hypertext system) dynamic of existing applications, with hypertext functionality, [Bieber 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] of SQL linkbases, for WWW searching; [Li 1999] author/authoring See Also annotation reader/reading writer/writing cognitive overhead See Also spatial hypertext as versioning author cost; [Vitali 1999] collaborative, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] domination, in HTML link references; [DeRose 1999a] environments, long transactions in, versioning importance for, [Wiil 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] exploratory, versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] hypertext issues, consistency, [Ellis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] issues, scaling; [Wilkinson 1999] issues, volatility, [Thistlewaite 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] link typing role; [Kopak 1999] manual vs. automatic link generation; [Furner 1999] links damage to Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal by NCSA Mosaic; [Cailliau 1999] key feature of Bush's vision, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] readers as, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] in supplementing with dynamically generated links; [Bodner 1999a] support for, [Carr 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] support for, [NCSA 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] support for, [Röscheisen 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] multi, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] in NeXTStep browser, for Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] as primary link generator, in traditional hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] reduction of effort, as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] spatial hypertext aids; [Vitali 1999] strong as hypertext model, characteristics and weaknesses; [Bodner 1999a] as primary link generator in traditional hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] versioning advantages and disadvantages; [Vitali 1999] weak, query-based dynamic hypertext use with; [Bodner 1999a] authorities/authoritative See Also authors/authoring in HITS, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] hubs, communities and, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] pages, term description; [Li 1999] as prominant content sources; [Kleinberg 1999] authors Anderson, Kenneth M.; [Anderson 1999b] Ashman, Helen; [Cailliau 1999] Balasubramanian, V.; [Bieber 1999a] Benford, Steve; [Benford 1999] Bernstein, Mark; [Bernstein 1999] Bieber, Michael; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Bodner, Richard; [Bodner 1999a] Brailsford, David; [Benford 1999] Brusilovsky, Peter; [De Bra 1999] Bulterman, Dick C. A.; [Hardman 1999a] Cailliau, Robert; [Cailliau 1999] Candan, K. Selçuk; [Li 1999] Carr, Leslie A.; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Reich 1999a] Chakrabarti, Soumen; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Chignell, Mark; [Bodner 1999a] Craven, Mike; [Benford 1999] Cunliffe, Daniel; [Tudhope 1999] Davis, Hugh C.; [Davis 1999a] De Bra, Paul; [De Bra 1999] De Roure, David; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999] De Roure, David C.; [Reich 1999a] DeRose, Steven J.; [DeRose 1999a] Ellis, David; [Furner 1999] Engelbart, Douglas C.; [Engelbart 1998] Fraser, Mike; [Benford 1999] Furner, Jonathan; [Furner 1999] Green, Stephen J.; [Green 1999a] Greenhalgh, Chris; [Benford 1999] Hall, Wendy; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Reich 1999a] Hardman, Lynda; [Hardman 1999a] Houben, Geert-Jan; [De Bra 1999] Kleinberg, Jon; [Kleinberg 1999] Koleva, Boriana; [Benford 1999] Kopak, Richard W.; [Kopak 1999] Leggett, John J.; [Wiil 1999c] Lewis, Paul; [Lewis 1999] Li, Wen-Syan; [Li 1999] Lyardet, Fernando; [Rossi 1999] Marshall, Catherine C.; [Shipman 1999a] Mukherjea, Sougata; [Mukherjea 1999] Nürnberg, Peter J.; [Wiil 1999c] Nelson, Theodor Holm; [Nelson 1999k], [Nelson 1998d] Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Reich, Siegfried; [Reich 1999a] Reynard, Gail; [Benford 1999] Rossi, Gustavo; [Rossi 1999] Rutledge, Lloyd; [Hardman 1999a] Schwabe, Daniel; [Rossi 1999] Shipman, Frank M. III; [Shipman 1999a] Smeaton, Alan F.; [Wilkinson 1999] Taylor, Ian; [Benford 1999] Treloar, Andrew E.; [Treloar 1999] Tudhope, Douglas; [Tudhope 1999] van Dam, Andries; [van Dam 1999] van Oseenbruggen, Jacco; [Hardman 1999a] Verbyla, Janet; [Verbyla 1999] Vitali, Fabio; [Vitali 1999] Wilkinson, Ross; [Wilkinson 1999] Will, Uffe K.; [Wiil 1999c] Willett, Peter; [Furner 1999] Yoo, Joonhee; [Bieber 1999] Autodesk transpointing window implementation at; [Nelson 1999k] automated/automatic See Also author/authoring hypertext construction, lexical chaining approaches; [Green 1999a] generation; [Wilkinson 1999] generation, lexical semantics use in; [Green 1999a] indexing contrasted with semantic indexes; [Tudhope 1999] human indexing compared with; [Furner 1999] [Salton 1989] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] link creation techniques; [Furner 1999] [Agosti 1997] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Crestani 1998] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Melucci 1999] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] performance comparison, [Blustein 1999] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] reasoning, as minimalist semantic modeling motivation; [Tudhope 1999] resource discovery [Chakrabarti 2000] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] trail-making vs.; [Reich 1999a] WWW resource discovery; [Chakrabarti 1999d] "Automatic Link Generation"; [Wilkinson 1999] automation as link specification, as potential consequence of separation of links and documents, [Verbyla 1994] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] avatars See Also agents in virtual reality collaboration, 3D WWW visualization support for, [Benford 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] axes of trees, extended pointers use for navigation along; [DeRose 1999a] in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] Ayars, Jeff bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] back operation as browser link supplement; [Cailliau 1999] backends See Also UI (user interface) structure-aware, benefits of; [Wiil 1999c] backtracking See Also versioning support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] as trail possibility but not a tour possibility; [Reich 1999a] on trails, semantics and recording issues; [Reich 1999a] in trails but not tours, [Bieber 1994] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] in Xanadu, [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] backup See Also versioning as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] Baclace, Paul as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Baddeley, A. D. bibliographic references, [Baddeley 1976]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Baeza-Yates, R. bibliographic references, [Frakes 1992]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Baird, P. bibliographic references, [Baird 1989]; [Bodner 1999a] Baker, J. bibliographic references, [Smoliar 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Balasubramanian, P. bibliographic references, [Isakowitz 1995]; [Lewis 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Balasubramanian, V. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypertext functionality"; [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic references [Balasubramanian 1998]; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1997]; [Reich 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997b]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1999]; [Vitali 1999a] [Bieber 1999a]; [Anderson 1999b] Bamford, H. bibliographic references, [Bamford 1972]; [Treloar 1999] bandwidth as time-based hypermedia issue; [Hardman 1999a] Bapat, Ajit bibliographic references, [Bapat 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] Barbosa, S. D. J. bibliographic references, [Schwabe 1996]; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Bareiss, Ray bibliographic references, [Cleary 1996]; [Kopak 1999] Barnard, D. T. bibliographic references, [Fahmy 1990]; [Wilkinson 1999] Baron, L. bibliographic references [Baron 1994]; [Kopak 1999] [Baron 1996]; [Kopak 1999] Baronas, Jean bibliographic references, [Moline 1990]; [DeRose 1999a] Bartram, L. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Barus, William as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Barzilay, R. bibliographic references, [Barzilay 1997]; [Green 1999a] Basak, G. C. bibliographic references, [Basak 1987]; [Furner 1999] Bates, M. J. bibliographic references, [Bates 1986]; [Furner 1999] Battista, G. bibliographic references, [Battista 1993]; [Mukherjea 1999] bayesian See Also IR (information retrieval) as feature classifier, resource discovery use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Beale, R. bibliographic references, [Hendley 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Beaumont, I. bibliographic references, [Beaumont 1994]; [De Bra 1999] Beckwith, R. bibliographic references [Beckwith 1991]; [Green 1999a] [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Begeman, M. L. bibliographic references [Conklin 1987]; [Wiil 1999c] [Conklin 1988]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] [Conklin 1989]; [Bieber 1999a] behavior(s) See Also adaptive dynamic associating with XML element types, stylesheets use for; [DeRose 1999a] citation, MRF capture and use of; [Chakrabarti 1999d] customization of, in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] implementation, as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] link excluded from Dexter hypertext reference model; [Carr 1999] separating from link types, as XLink strength; [DeRose 1999a] of linking within linear multimedia presentations; [Hardman 1999a] among linear multimedia presentations; [Hardman 1999a] links with, XML impact on WWW, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] as multiple open services core hypermedia service; [Wiil 1999c] that constitute navigation; [Bieber 1999a] of time-based hypermedia presentations, semantic issues; [Hardman 1999a] XLink elements, categories of; [DeRose 1999a] XML element class association, advantages of; [DeRose 1999a] Beishuizen, J. bibliographic references, [Verheij 1996]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Bellcore Latent Semantic Indexing project, performance comparison of SMART with; [Furner 1999] Benford, Steven D. ACM-CSHT publication, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references [Benford 1995]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1997]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] [Brown 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Ingram 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Bennett, P. bibliographic references, [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] Berners-Lee, Tim J. bibliographic references [Berners-Lee 1989]; [Cailliau 1999] [Berners-Lee 1992]; [Carr 1999] [Berners-Lee 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Berners-Lee 1997]; [Carr 1999] [Berners-Lee 1998]; [Tudhope 1999], [DeRose 1999a] distributed hypertext system proposal, [[Berners-Lee 1989] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] scholarly communication concerns; [Treloar 1999] Bernstein, Mark ACM-CSHT publications, "Structural patterns and hypertext rhetoric"; [Bernstein 1999] bibliographic references [Bernstein 1988]; [Bernstein 1999] [Bernstein 1989]; [Bernstein 1999] [Bernstein 1990]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Bernstein 1992]; [Bernstein 1999] [Bernstein 1996]; [Shipman 1999a] [Bernstein 1998a]; [Bernstein 1999] [Bernstein 1998b]; [Bernstein 1999] Bernstein, P. A. bibliographic references, [Bernstein 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] Beynon-Davies, P. bibliographic references [Beynon-Davies 1994]; [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 1994]; [Tudhope 1999] Bharat, K. bibliographic references [Bharat 1998]; [Li 1999] [Bharat 1998a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1998b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1998c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1999]; [Li 1999] bi-directional links See Also link(s)/linking as link type; [Davis 1999a] as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] Bieber, Michael P. ACM-CSHT publications "Hypermedia: a design philosophy"; [Bieber 1999] "Hypertext functionality"; [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic references [Balasubramanian 1998]; [Bieber 1999] [Beiber 1992]; [Bodner 1999a] [Bieber 1994]; [Reich 1999a] [Bieber 1995]; [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1997]; [Reich 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997a]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1997b]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1998]; [Furner 1999], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1999]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1999a]; [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999] [Yoo 2000]; [Bieber 1999] Bier, E. bibliographic references, [Cousins 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] Bigelow J. bibliographic references, [Bigelow 1988]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] binary relational model of the link, [Ashman 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] binding See Also closure Biology Journal of Biological Chemistry, as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] Birchall, A. bibliographic references, [Rada 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] bitmaps See Also data formats graphics representation, XML inapplicable to; [DeRose 1999a] Blissett, G. M. bibliographic references, [Atkins 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Blustein, W. J. bibliographic references [Blustein 1997]; [Furner 1999] [Blustein 1999]; [Furner 1999] Bobrow, Daniel bibliographic references, [Goldstein 1984]; [Vitali 1999] Böcker, H. bibliographic references, [Hohl 1996]; [De Bra 1999] Bodner, Richard C. ACM-CSHT publications, "Dynamic hypertext: querying and linking"; [Bodner 1999a] bibliographic references [Bodner 1997]; [Bodner 1999a] [Bodner 1999]; [Bodner 1999a] [Bodner 1999a]; [De Bra 1999] Bogaerts, Walter F. L. bibliographic references, [Arents 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] Bollacker, Kurt D. bibliographic references, [Giles 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] Bolter, Jay David bibliographic references [Bolter 1991]; [Treloar 1999] [Bolter 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] [Dieberger 1995]; [Shipman 1999a] bookmark(s)/bookmarking See Also annotation(s) as annotation mechanism; [Bieber 1999a] Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] prohibition, as broken link prevention strategy; [Davis 1999a] spatial organization 2D, Web Squirrel; [Shipman 1999a] 3D, WebBook; [Benford 1999] 3D, WebForager; [Benford 1999] tours and trails compared with; [Reich 1999a] bootstrapping collective intelligence; [Engelbart 1998] "Bootstrapping Our Collective Intelligence"; [Engelbart 1998] border style as information typing mechanism in VIKI; [Shipman 1999a] Borko, H. bibliographic references, [Tarr 1974]; [Furner 1999] Bos, Bert bibliographic references, [Bos 1998]; [DeRose 1999a] Botafogo, R. A. bibliographic references [Botafogo 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Rivlin 1994]; [Wilkinson 1999] boundaries See Also patterns spatial structures topologies decision, automatic determination using examples; [Chakrabarti 1999d] topic hypertext link placement relationship to; [Green 1999a] lexical chaining use for discovering; [Green 1999a] Boutin, F. bibliographic references, [Chinien 1994]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Bouvin, N. O. bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Grønbæk 1997]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] Boy, G. A. bibliographic references, [Boy 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Boyle, C. bibliographic references, [Boyle 1994]; [De Bra 1999] Bröder, Andrei Z. bibliographic references [Bharat 1998a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1998b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1999]; [Li 1999] Braekevelt, P. bibliographic references, [Pollitt 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Brailsford, David F. ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] [Brailsford 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] [Brailsford 1999]; [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] branching tours See Also navigation paths structure tours trails [Shipman 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Trigg 1988] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] Bray, Tim bibliographic references [Bray 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Bray 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Bray 1998]; [Anderson 1999b], [DeRose 1999a], [Hardman 1999a] [Bray 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] breadcrumbs See Also annotation bookmark(s)/bookmarking naviation tours trails bibliographic references, [Bernstein 1988]; [Bernstein 1999] typographically distinguished links as, in WWW; [Bernstein 1999] breast-outline hypertext structure map See Also patterns structure(s)/structural as feminist symbol, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Brew, Chris bibliographic references, [McKelvie 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] Bridie Saccocio bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Briggs, J. bibliographic references, [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Brin, S. bibliographic references, [Brin 1998]; [Kleinberg 1999], [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] Brodbeck, D. bibliographic references, [Chalmers 1998]; [Reich 1999a] broken links See Also content, reference problem link(s)/linking reference integrity versioning as annotation problem, [Davis 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] correction of; [Davis 1999a] minimization of, as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] prevention, global persistent names use for, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] survey of issues; [Davis 1999a] as URL deficiency, W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] Xanadu prevention strategies; [Nelson 1999k] Brooks, Frederick P., Jr. bibliographic references [Brooks 1987]; [Anderson 1999b] [Brooks 1995]; [Anderson 1999b] Brown, C. C. bibliographic references [Benford 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1997]; [Benford 1999] [Brown 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Brown, E. bibliographic references, [Brown 1995]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Brown, M. bibliographic references, [Sarkar 1994]; [Mukherjea 1999] Brown, Peter J. bibliographic references [Brown 1987]; [Lewis 1999] [Brown 1989]; [Bernstein 1999] Brown University education projects; [van Dam 1999] publications; [DeRose 1999a], [van Dam 1999] browsing/browsers See Also IR (information retrieval) maps navigation queries tours trails browsable concept descriptors [Bruza 1990] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] as navigation tool; [Tudhope 1999] [Pollard 1993] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Debate Browser as MetaEdit+ tool; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] usability studies; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Guidon browser, early hypertext electronic journal use; [Treloar 1999] Harmony Internet Browser; [Mukherjea 1999] history back and forward operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] visualization of; [Benford 1999] HotSauce browser [HotSauce 1999]; [Benford 1999] as spatial hypertext visualization of the WWW; [Benford 1999] HTML, link traversal behavior; [Hardman 1999a] hyperbolic as Focus + Context technique; [Mukherjea 1999] [Lamping 1995] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] information Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework; [De Bra 1999] "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework"; [De Bra 1999] integration with querying, in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] NeXTStep, authoring in, for Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] topic, directory-based, as WWW information retrieval technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] unification with querying, as dynamic hypertext property; [Bodner 1999a] user interface between browsing and, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] Brusilovsky, Peter ACM-CSHT publications, "Adaptive hypermedia: from systems to framework"; [De Bra 1999] bibliographic references [Brusilovsky 1996]; [Bodner 1999a] [Brusilovsky 1996a]; [De Bra 1999] [Brusilovsky 1996b]; [De Bra 1999] [Brusilovsky 1998a]; [De Bra 1999] [Brusilovsky 1998b]; [De Bra 1999] Bruza, P. bibliographic references, [Bruza 1990]; [Tudhope 1999] Buchanan, M. Cecelia bibliographic references, [Buchanan 1993]; [Hardman 1999a] Buckley, C. bibliographic references, [Salton 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Bullock, J. bibliographic references, [Bullock 1998]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] bullseye metaphor See Also metaphors as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Charriere 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Bulterman, Dick C. A. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia: the link with time"; [Hardman 1999a] bibliographic references, [Hardman 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Burbules, N. C. bibliographic references, [Burbules 1998]; [Kopak 1999] Burchard P. bibliographic references, [Munzner 1995]; [Benford 1999] Burks, M. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Burnard, Lou bibliographic references, [Sperberg-McQueen 1994]; [Shipman 1999a] Bush, Vannevar See Also memex pioneers trails bibliographic reference, [Bush 1945]; [Wiil 1999c], [Treloar 1999], [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Reich 1999a], [Shipman 1999a], [Bodner 1999a], [Furner 1999], [Cailliau 1999] bibliographic reference and URL, [Bush 1945]; [Nelson 1999k] trails, as transclusions; [Nelson 1999k] C&C Research Laboratories publications; [Li 1999] caching as transclusion form; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright use; [Nelson 1999k] Caerdroia Journal [Caerdroia 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] Cailliau, Robert See Also WWW (World-Wide Web) ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypertext in the Web - a history"; [Cailliau 1999] bibliographic references [Berners-Lee 1992]; [Carr 1999] [Berners-Lee 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] scholarly communication concerns; [Treloar 1999] Calvi, Licia bibliographic references [Calvi 1997]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Calvi 1998]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Calvi 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] [De Bra 1997]; [De Bra 1999] [De Bra 1998]; [De Bra 1999] Campagnini, F. R. bibliographic references, [Campagnini 1989]; [Bodner 1999a] Campbell, Bruce bibliographic references, [Campbell 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Anderson 1999b] Candan, K. Selçuk ACM-CSHT publications, "Integrating content search with structure analysis for hypermedia retrieval and management"; [Li 1999] capture/capturing See Also author/authoring argumentation structures in hypertext link topologies, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] divergent views in hypertext link topologies, [Streitz 1992] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] of scholarly analysis in hypertext link topologies, [Kolb 1994] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Card, Stuart K. bibliographic references [Card 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Benford 1999] [Chi 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] [Mackinlay 1991]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Rao 1994]; [Mukherjea 1999] cardinality HTML alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] HTML link limitations; [Verbyla 1999] Carr, Leslie A. ACM-CSHT publications "The evolution of hypertext link services"; [Carr 1999] "The significance of linking"; [Lewis 1999] "Where have you been from here? Trails in hypertext systems"; [Reich 1999a] bibliographic references [Brailsford 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] [Carr 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Anderson 1999b], [Cailliau 1999] [Carr 1998]; [Reich 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] [Carr 2000]; [Lewis 1999] [Lewis 2000]; [Vitali 1999a] Carriere, J. bibliographic references [Carriere 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Carriere 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) See Also engineering software engineering environments key features of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] key features of, [Chikofsky 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] tool support needs, [Oinas-Kukkonen 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] functionality, hypertext improvement of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypertext environments, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] information modeling tools, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] integration with, taxonomy, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] subsystems, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] intermediary hypertext agent CASE environment role; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in MetaEdit+, (figure); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] MetaPHOR research project; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] tools, transpointing windows advantages over; [Nelson 1999k] case relations as relation type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] catalog/cataloging See Also categorization classification taxonomy of hypertext design patterns; [Bernstein 1999] library techniques, application to WWW and large hypertexts; [Tudhope 1999] relationship of information access to; [Tudhope 1999] category(s) conversational associative, in Cleary and Bareiss' link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Caughey, S. bibliographic references, [Ingham 1996]; [Davis 1999a] CB-OHS (component-based open hypermedia systems) See Also component(s) OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] multiple open services relationship to; [Wiil 1999c] CBN (content-based navigation) See Also content navigation characteristics; [Lewis 1999] CBR (content-based retrieval) See Also content IR (information retrieval) metadata retrieval vs.; [Lewis 1999] CERN distributed hypertext system proposal, [[Berners-Lee 1989] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] Chaffin, R. bibliographic references [Chaffin 1984]; [Kopak 1999] [Chaffin 1987]; [Kopak 1999] chaining See lexical, chaining Chakrabarti, Soumen See Also IR (information retrieval) bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998a]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1998c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999]; [Li 1999] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 2000]; [Reich 1999a] Chalmers, M. bibliographic references [Chalmers 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Chalmers 1998]; [Reich 1999a] Chaney, R.J. bibliographic references, [Shipman 1989]; [Shipman 1999a] change See Also time versioning based vs. state-based versioning, hypermedia versioning compared with; [Vitali 1999] tracking, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] in trails, issues and research questions; [Reich 1999a] of understanding over time, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] Chapman, R. L. bibliographic references, [Chapman 1992]; [Green 1999a] Charoenkitkarn, N. bibliographic references, [Charoenkitkarn 1995]; [Bodner 1999a] Chemistry Journal of Biological Chemistry, as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] Chen, C. bibliographic references [Chen 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Chen 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999] Chi, E. bibliographic references, [Chi 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Time Tubes, [Chi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Chiaramella, Y. bibliographic references, [Chiaramella 1996]; [Tudhope 1999] Chignell, Mark H. ACM-CSHT publications, "Dynamic hypertext: querying and linking"; [Bodner 1999a] bibliographic references [Bodner 1999a]; [De Bra 1999] [Chignell 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Chikofsky, E.J. bibliographic references, [Chikofsky 1988]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Chimera See Also versioning as link server hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] link server hypermedia system, [Anderson 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] link service model; [Carr 1999] [Anderson 1994] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] software engineering support in an OHS framework; [Anderson 1999b] version support, [Whitehead 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] WWW support; [Carr 1999] [Anderson 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] Chinien, C. bibliographic references, [Chinien 1994]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Chitson, P. bibliographic references, [Chalmers 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999] choice See Also annotations extensibility reader/reading of information sequencing, as user understanding aid; [Bieber 1999a] reader, temporal links as subversion device; [Bernstein 1999] Christodoulou, S. bibliographic references, [Christodoulou 1998]; [Bieber 1999] Christophidis, V bibliographic references, [Doerr 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Chubachi, Yoshihide as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Chung,T. bibliographic references, [Loo 1990]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] citation See Also annotation scholarly analysis indexing and, as social networks application; [Chakrabarti 1999d] methods, influence weights; [Kleinberg 1999] methods, scientific journal, [Egghe 1990] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] strategies, as WWW structure analysis tool; [Kleinberg 1999] behavior, MRF capture and use of; [Chakrabarti 1999d] co-citation algorithm, Web path identification use; [Li 1999] analysis and indexing, as social networks application; [Chakrabarti 1999d] relationships, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] enrichment, as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] clan graphs as WWW visualization technique, [Terveen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Clark, James bibliographic references, [Clark 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] Clark, R. E. bibliographic references, [Clark 1985]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] class(es) elements as, behavioral advantages of; [DeRose 1999a] inclusion, as relation type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] classification See Also analysis categorization taxonomy bibliographic references [Parunak 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] [Parunak 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] feature, examples importance for; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as focused crawler component; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] of hypertext components, Dexter hypertext reference model; [Carr 1999] hypertext link type, See dynamic lattice node-link set-based spatial time, time-based links torus of indexing systems; [Tudhope 1999] of links; [Verbyla 1999] systems, semantic indexing use; [Tudhope 1999] Cleary, Chip bibliographic references, [Cleary 1996]; [Kopak 1999] Clever search engine topic distillation use; [Li 1999] [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] client-server architecture See Also WWW (World-Wide Web) Microcosm alternative to; [Carr 1999] close reading of"afternoon: a story" [Aarseth 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Walker 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] of"Victory Garden", [Gaggi 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] closed environment, open environment vs., in broken link handling; [Carr 1999] tag set, as HTML deficiency that XML addresses; [DeRose 1999a] closure See Also binding clustering in 3D visualization, as Narcissus mechanism for scaling; [Benford 1999] See Also IR (information retrieval) in information retrieval as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] techniques, [Pirolli 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] techniques, [van Rijsbergen 1979] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] trailbase management use; [Reich 1999a] co-citation See Also annotation citation algorithm See Also algorithms Web path identification use; [Li 1999] analysis and indexing, as social networks application; [Chakrabarti 1999d] relationships, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] codex end of, [Coover 1992] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] coefficients Dice, similarity measures; [Furner 1999] similarity, quantifying degree of similarity with; [Furner 1999] cognitive See Also concept(s)/conceptual semantics overhead See Also spatial hypertext navigation alternatives; [Tudhope 1999] as versioning author cost; [Vitali 1999] problems, with hypermedia version freezing and element selection, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] reasoning vs. perceptual reasoning, information visualization impact; [Mukherjea 1999] tasks, consistency issues, [Saracevic 1991] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] Cohen, Aaron bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Cohen, P. A. bibliographic references, [Kulik 1998]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] cohesion/coherence See Also IR (information retrieval) relationships spatial hypertext lexical, lexical chaining and; [Green 1999a] relations between texts, lexical chaining use for discovering; [Green 1999a] semantics of; [Green 1999a] in understanding hypertext documents; [Reich 1999a] COIR project association of media-based representation with semantics; [Lewis 1999] Coleman, A. S. bibliographic references, [Coleman 1996]; [Treloar 1999] collaborative/collaboration 3D WWW visualization support for, [Benford 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] See Also annotations CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) distributed WWW (World-Wide Web) as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] authoring, versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] CASE environment tools for, weaknesses of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in distributed hypermedia versioning issues, [Durand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] versioning issues, [Hicks 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] electronic requirements; [Nelson 1999k] emergent, versioning encouragement of, [Maioli 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] external link advantages, advantages; [Vitali 1999] hypermedia as aid to, [Kuutti 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] peer review process in scholarly publishing, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] physical/virtual reality collaboration space, Internet Foyer; [Benford 1999] services, as multiple open services component; [Wiil 1999c] in shared visualization environment, Information Garden; [Benford 1999] spatial hypertext aids; [Vitali 1999] support for; [Shipman 1999a] [Streitz et al. 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] trails use for; [Reich 1999a] versioning, in HyperClas, [Dattolo 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Wiil 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] writing, capturing divergent views in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] Xanadu support for; [Nelson 1999k] collections See Also aggregation composites digital libraries of constrained media items, temporal composites defined as; [Hardman 1999a] document, semantically-based retrieval tool role; [Tudhope 1999] Collier, G. bibliographic references, [Collier 1987]; [Tudhope 1999] collocation See Also IR (information retrieval) spatial hypertext as lexical cohesive relation; [Green 1999a] color See Also graphics as cost-effective online addition to scholarly journals; [Treloar 1999] as information typing mechanism in VIKI; [Shipman 1999a] commentary(s) See Also analysis annotation scholarly/scholarship versioning as annotation mechanism; [Bieber 1999a] emergent, versioning encouragement of, [Maioli 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as parallel documents; [Nelson 1999k] peer review process in scholarly publishing, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] social, breast-outline hypertext structure map as, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] communication/communities See Also CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) social, networks design team, hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hubs, authorities and, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] latent WWW, topic distillation use for identifying; [Li 1999] linking based on; [Carr 1999] representation of, by hubs/authority relationship weighting; [Kleinberg 1999] scholarly; [Treloar 1999] concerns, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] as WWW motivation; [Treloar 1999] companion algorithm Web path identification use; [Li 1999] comparision See Also analysis argumentation as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] comparison side-by-side, transclusion use for; [Nelson 1999k] complex/complexity See Also analysis of hypertext networks, versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] narrative hypertext structure cycles imporance for, [Calvi 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] hypertext structure cycles imporance for, [Tosca 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] project management, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] reduction, in a CASE environment, as hypertext role; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in software engineering, [Brooks 1987] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] component(s) See Also collections composite(s) modularity OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) CB-OHS (component-based open hypermedia systems), characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] design, hypertext modeling of relationships among; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] document, non-node, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] focused crawler; [Chakrabarti 1999d] hypertext network, versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] multiple open services middleware; [Wiil 1999c] structure-aware stores; [Wiil 1999c] open architecture use of; [Wiil 1999c] open hypermedia systems; [Anderson 1999b] RNA methodology; [Bieber 1999] runtime switching of, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] system, encapsulation of, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] Xanadu back end; [Nelson 1999k] composite(s) See Also classification component(s) structures atemporal, gathering mechanism for; [Hardman 1999a] nodes, trails relationship to; [Reich 1999a] spatial, representation difficulties in open hypermedia research challenge; [Shipman 1999a] temporal defined as collection of constrained media items; [Hardman 1999a] SMIL 1.0 recommendations; [Hardman 1999a] WWW, information units as; [Li 1999] computer vision See Also AI multimedia content-based retrieval issues; [Lewis 1999] computing/computational/computed on discrete structures; [Kleinberg 1999] linking, as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] links human-authored links use with; [Tudhope 1999] hybrid query/navigation tool use; [Tudhope 1999] of links at runtime, as dynamic link characteristic; [Bodner 1999a] models, universality of, contribution to WWW success; [Kleinberg 1999] runtime increase in, as query-based dynamic hypertext disadvantage; [Bodner 1999a] structural, See SC (structural computing) concept(s)/conceptual See Also cognitive semantics in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] -based navigation and information retrieval; [Lewis 1999] [Beynon-Davies 1994] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Bullock 1998] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Cunliffe 1997] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Nanard 1991] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 2000] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] browsable concept descriptors, as navigation tool; [Tudhope 1999] content vs., representation issues; [Lewis 1999] hypertext, [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] navigation and information retrieval based on; [Lewis 1999] neighborhood of text content, representation, synset use, [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] overhead in version freezing, [Durand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] in version freezing, [Hicks 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] overload, of implicit relationships, on software engineering projects; [Anderson 1999b] relationships among, in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] representation of, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] concurrency control See Also distributed as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] conditional inclusion of fragments [De Bra 1997] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] [De Bra 1998] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] cone trees See Also visualization Xerox PARC HyperVIS use; [Benford 1999] configurations multiple, possibilities, in external relationship linkbases; [Anderson 1999b] conjunction See Also patterns rhetoric structure as"Intergrams" rhetorical device; [Bernstein 1999] Conklin, Jeff bibliographic references [Conklin 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Bodner 1999a], [Bernstein 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Conklin 1988]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] [Conklin 1989]; [Bieber 1999a] connection(s)/connectivity See Also links relationships Xanadu in graphs, social networks theory use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] links viewed as; [Davis 1999a] links vs. transclusions; [Nelson 1999k] lists, as Xanadu back end component; [Nelson 1999k] relationships, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] rich, support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] server, HITS modification, [Bharat 1998b] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] strength, influence on prominance ranking analysis of social networks; [Kleinberg 1999] of synsets, by hypernym links; [Green 1999a] two-way, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu view of; [Nelson 1999k] Conradi, R. bibliographic references, [Conradi 1998]; [Vitali 1999] consistency See Also attributes evaluation, criteria as hypertext authoring issue, [Ellis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] inter-indexer, issues; [Furner 1999] in manual construction of hypertext documents; [Furner 1999] constraints See Also attributes evaluation, criteria requirements structure in temporal relationship specifications [Ackermann 1994] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] [Buchanan 1993] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] [Jourdan 1998] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] [Kim 1995] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] contamination See Also errors versioning in information retrieval, strategies for reducing; [Chakrabarti 1999d] content(s) See Also CBR (content-based retrieval) concept/conceptual links markup semantics structure text XML analysis, indexing and; [Li 1999] -based links, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] -based navigation characteristics; [Lewis 1999] in non-text media, [Hirata 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] -based retrieval metadata retrieval vs.; [Lewis 1999] and navigation issues, [Davis 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] and navigation issues, [Davis 2000] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] and navigation issues, [Grønbæk 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] concept vs., representation issues; [Lewis 1999] document, linking based on; [Carr 1999] links See Also link(s)/linking how they survive in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] internal structure; [Nelson 1999k] structure preservation in; [Nelson 1999k] why they don't break in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu connection type; [Nelson 1999k] list, as sequential document representation, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] location vs., in generic links; [Lewis 1999] reference broken link issues; [Davis 1999a] dangling links vs.; [Davis 1999a] link relationship to; [Davis 1999a] search, integration with structure analysis; [Li 1999] structure separation from, broken link strategies; [Davis 1999a] table of, next and previous browser operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] value of; [Lewis 1999] as WWW element; [Mukherjea 1999] context(s)/contextual See Also Focus + Context views navigation paths trails transclusion views deep context following, as transclusion advantage in huge digital universe; [Nelson 1999k] email quotations, transclusion preservation of; [Nelson 1999k] global, balancing with local detail, in information visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] information, as user understanding aid; [Bieber 1999a] link source and destination, as part of semantics of a link; [Verbyla 1999] link versioning role; [Vitali 1999] sensitivity, as WWW information retrieval problem; [Chakrabarti 1999d] specification, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] transcopyright preservation of; [Nelson 1999k] user, dynamic hypertext consideration of; [Wilkinson 1999] in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] contingent links, HTML expression; [Verbyla 1999] contrast See Also argumentation as semantic link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] control access, as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] concurrency, as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] disorientation, hierarchical structure use; [Bernstein 1999] notification, as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] revision, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] controlled vocabulary(s) indexing hypertext link generation applicability; [Furner 1999] system dimension; [Tudhope 1999] [Tarr 1974] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] merging with statistical IR, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] semantic index query use; [Tudhope 1999] road map, [Soergel 1995] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] social role of; [Tudhope 1999] conversation See Also collaborative/collaboration theory, in Cleary and Bareiss' link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] converted distance matrix [Botafogo 1992] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] Cooke, P. bibliographic references, [Cooke 1989]; [Bodner 1999a] COOL link model See Also link(s)/linking model(s)/modeling See Also model(s)/modeling link access modification; [Bodner 1999a] Coombs, James H. bibliographic references [Coombs 1987]; [DeRose 1999a] [Coombs 1990]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Haan 1992]; [Lewis 1999] [Marshall 1994]; [Shipman 1999a] Coover, Robert bibliographic references, [Coover 1992]; [Bernstein 1999] copyright systems See Also intellectual property rights transcopyright transcopyright issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright permission format independence from, [KeioPermission 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] Cornell University publications; [Kleinberg 1999] Corporation, N. C. bibliographic references, [Corporation 1999]; [Li 1999] cost/benefit analysis See Also analysis in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] counterpoint See Also argumentation time as hypertext design pattern; [Bernstein 1999] temporal, as structural coherence strategy; [Bernstein 1999] Cousins, S. B. bibliographic references [Cousins 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Frisse 1989]; [Tudhope 1999] CoVer See Also context/contextual SEPIA versioning as contextual version server for SEPIA [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Cowan, John bibliographic references, [Cowan 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] Crabtree, I. B. bibliographic references, [Crabtree 1998]; [Reich 1999a] Craven, Mike ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references, [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] crawler(s) See Also IR (information retrieval) WWW (World-Wide Web) broken embedded link detection, [Fielding 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] efficiency studies [Bharat 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Lawrence 1999] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] focused, WWW search engine use; [Li 1999] limitations for automatic resource discovery; [Chakrabarti 1999d] creation See author/authoring Creech, Michael L. bibliographic references, [Creech 1991]; [Anderson 1999b] Crestani, F. bibliographic references, [Crestani 1998]; [Furner 1999] criticism See Also analysis argumentation early hypertext [Engelbart 1963] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Nelson 1976] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] of electronic journal, [Senders 1980] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] of hypertext cycles, [Miller 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] cross references See Also links/linking relationships Xanadu automatic generation of, [Salton 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] cross-platform availability, as open MOS middleware service characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] distributed, XML use, semantically-based retrieval role; [Tudhope 1999] interoperable independent open hypermedia system demonstration, [Reich 1999] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] interoperable independent open hypermedia systems; [Carr 1999] MetaEdit+ implementation; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Crossley M. bibliographic references, [Crossley 1997]; [Benford 1999] cruciform hypertext structure map See Also patterns structures [Douglas 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Csarneki, K. bibliographic references, [Meusel 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) See Also collaborative/collaboration communication/communities as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] CSS [Bos 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] link semantic deficiencies; [DeRose 1999a] Cunliffe, Daniel ACM-CSHT publications, "Semantically indexed hypermedia: linking information disciplines"; [Tudhope 1999] bibliographic references [Cunliffe 1997]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 2000]; [Lewis 1999] Cunnius, E. L. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] customization See Also AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) dynamic guard fields need for, adaptive and dynamic hypertext address of; [Bodner 1999a] as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] self, in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] cut-and-paste contrarian view of; [Nelson 1999k] CWI (Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) publications; [Hardman 1999a] Cybulski J.L. bibliographic references, [Cybulski 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] cycles See Also graph structure avoiding, strategies for, in WWW fiction; [Bernstein 1999] as hypertext design pattern; [Bernstein 1999] in hypertext structures critic's attack on; [Bernstein 1999] importance for complex narratives; [Bernstein 1999] importance for comprehension; [Bernstein 1999] in prominance citation analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] resolution, HyperClass iterative relaxation algorithm, [Chakrabarti 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Czerwinski, Mary bibliographic references [Chen 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] D'Oronzio, P. bibliographic references, [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] D-LITE See Also spatial, hypertext as Web-based spatial hypertext, [Cousins 1997] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Daft, R. L. bibliographic references, [Daft 1986]; [Bieber 1999a] dangling links See Also errors link(s)/linking versioning WWW (World Wide Web) content reference problems vs.; [Davis 1999a] detection and correction; [Davis 1999a] dynamic hypertext solution to; [Wilkinson 1999] lists of, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] versioning solutions for; [Vitali 1999] Daniels, Cal as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Darrow, Benjamin educational aspirations; [van Dam 1999] data See Also content formats representation XML abstractions, HMOS relationship; [Wiil 1999c] exchange standard, value for information visualization tools; [Mukherjea 1999] mapping into structural abstractions, as HMOS characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] model, semantic, as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] referential data model, xanalogical structure implementation with; [Nelson 1999k] reporting, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Data Mountain See Also spatial hypertext as Web-based spatial hypertext, [Robertson 1998] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] database(s) See Also IR (information retrieval) linkbases dynamic content generation, providing hypertext support for; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext; [Davis 1999a] interoperability, SQL support of; [Carr 1999] link, See linkbases management, versioning importance; [Vitali 1999] visualization, landscape metaphor use; [Mukherjea 1999] as website backends; [Li 1999] XML, proximity searching in; [Li 1999] datestamp content reference problem detection use; [Davis 1999a] Dattolo, A bibliographic references, [Dattolo 1996]; [Vitali 1999] Davies, J. bibliographic references, [Crossley 1997]; [Benford 1999] Davis, Hugh C. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypertext link integrity"; [Davis 1999a] bibliographic references [Davis 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Brailsford 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Davis 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Davis 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1995]; [Davis 1999a], [Verbyla 1999], [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1996]; [Carr 1999], [Brailsford 1999] [Davis 1998]; [Lewis 1999], [Vitali 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999], [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 2000]; [Lewis 1999], [DeRose 1999a], [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Fountain 1990]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] [Hall 1996]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Shipman 1999a] [Lewis 1996]; [Lewis 1999] [Reich 1999]; [Carr 1999] Day, Ken bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] De Bra, Paul ACM-CSHT publications, "Adaptive hypermedia: from systems to framework"; [De Bra 1999] bibliographic references [Calvi 1997]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Calvi 1998]; [Wilkinson 1999] [De Bra 1997]; [De Bra 1999] [De Bra 1998]; [De Bra 1999] [De Bra 1999]; [De Bra 1999] De Roure, David C. ACM-CSHT publications "The evolution of hypertext link services"; [Carr 1999] "The significance of linking"; [Lewis 1999] "Where have you been from here? Trails in hypertext systems"; [Reich 1999a] bibliographic references [Carr 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Anderson 1999b], [Cailliau 1999] [Carr 2000]; [Lewis 1999] [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Lewis 2000]; [Vitali 1999a] de Saussure, F. bibliographic references, [de Saussure 1966]; [Lewis 1999] Deach, Stephen bibliographic references, [Deach 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] Dean, J. bibliographic references, [Dean 1999]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] Debate Browser as MetaEdit+ tool; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] usability studies; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] decay See degradation decision boundaries See Also argumentation boundaries automatic determination using examples; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Declaration of Independence [Jefferson 1776] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing window view of early and late drafts, (figure); [Nelson 1999k] declarative specification See Also functional/functionality of link anchor positions, as solution to content reference, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] decomposition See Also components separation of roles, into independent services, by Flag taxonomy; [Carr 1999] decoupling See separation deep links See Also link(s)/linking content links as; [Nelson 1999k] definition(s) anchors, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] arc, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] authorities; [Kleinberg 1999] document type; [DeRose 1999a] hypertext [Bolter 19991] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] non-sequential access; [Lewis 1999] science of relationships and relationship management; [Lewis 1999] link(s)/linking, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] locator, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] as rhetorical link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] roles, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] degradation See Also archiving errors versioning link, [Thistlewaite 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] of trail relevance, over time; [Reich 1999a] Delisle, Norman M. bibliographic references, [Delisle 1986]; [Anderson 1999b] Demeyer, S. bibliographic references, [Wiil 1996b]; [Wiil 1999c] Denigni, Dan bibliographic references, [Moline 1990]; [Shipman 1999a] Denning, Peter J. bibliographic reference and URL, [Denning 1998]; [Nelson 1999k] dependencies See Also logic relationships ad hoc, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] representation, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] semantic, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] time, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] DeRose, Steven J. ACM-CSHT publications, "XML linking"; [DeRose 1999a] bibliographic references [Bray 1997]; [DeRose 1999a] [Clark 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] [Coombs 1987]; [Shipman 1999a] [DeRose 1989]; [Tudhope 1999], [Carr 1999], [Bodner 1999a] [DeRose 1990]; [DeRose 1999a] [DeRose 1994]; [Davis 1999a] [DeRose 1995]; [DeRose 1999a] [DeRose 1997]; [DeRose 1999a] [DeRose 1999]; [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a], [Vitali 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [DeRose 2000]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [DeRose99]; [Cailliau 1999] [Maler 1998]; [Lewis 1999] [Reynolds 1992]; [DeRose 1999a] descriptive/description description logic ontology, similarity relationship research issues; [Tudhope 1999] logic ontology [Bullock 1998] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] [Weinstein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] design application, hypertext design technique value for; [Bieber 1999a] of applications hypertext as aid to; [Bieber 1999a] incorporating hypertext into; [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 2000a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Bieber 2000b] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] components, hypertext modeling of relationships among; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] emergent interpretations, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] experimental, in a link generation consistency study; [Furner 1999] Flexible CASE and Hypertext; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypermedia methodologies, [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] methodologies, [Christodoulou 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] methodologies, [Garzotto 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] methodologies, [Isakowitz 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] methodologies, [Lange 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] methodologies, [Schwabe 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] philosophy of; [Bieber 1999] hypertext design models, implicit and dynamic links in; [Lewis 1999] methods, role in hypermedia development; [Rossi 1999] negotiations, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] rationale capturing, in hypertext system design support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] software engineering, hypertext support of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] techniques; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] tools; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of user interface, hypertext as aid to, [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] design patterns See Also patterns See Also design hypermedia catalog of; [Bernstein 1999] development; [Rossi 1999] structure(s)/structural/structuring user interface, hypermedia development use; [Rossi 1999] desktop 3 1/2D as potential alternative to, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] detection See Also errors of content reference problems; [Davis 1999a] of dangling links; [Davis 1999a] "Developing Hypermedia Applications with Methods and Patterns"; [Rossi 1999] Devise HyperMedia system See Also projects Dexter hypertext reference model, extensions for open hypermedia support, [Grønbæk 1996] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] object-oriented approach, in Dexter storage layer implementation, [Grønbæk 1993] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] object-oriented approach in Dexter hypertext reference model storage layer implementation; [Carr 1999] WWW environment support; [Carr 1999] [Grønbæk 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] Dewan, P. bibliographic references, [Dewan 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] Dewhurst, D. G. bibliographic references, [Quentin-Baxter 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Dexter hypertext reference model See Also model(s)/modeling decomposition of hypertext facilities by; [Carr 1999] in the evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] [Halasz 1990] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] implementation evolution from monolithic systems to networked systems; [Carr 1999] issues; [Carr 1999] issues, [Nürnberg 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] link integrity assumptions, [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] research review, [Grønbæck 1994] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] time not included explicitly, [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] Diagram Editor as MetaEdit+ tool; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Dice coefficient similarity measures, [Salton 1989] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] Dieberger, Andries bibliographic references, [Dieberger 1995]; [Shipman 1999a] difference simularity vs., as differentiator between transclusions and content links; [Nelson 1999k] digital libraries See Also IR (information retrieval) [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] controlled vocabulary use; [Tudhope 1999] as hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] [Schnase et al. 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] digital thesaurus See Also IR (information retrieval) taxonomy thesaurus/thesauri [van Rijsbergen 1979] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] Dill, J. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] DIPRE (dual iterative pattern relation expansion as crawling algorithm, DIPRE; [Li 1999] directed graph(s) See Also See Also graph(s) spatial relationships advantages over; [Shipman 1999a] WWW modeling as; [Kleinberg 1999] directionality See Also graphs link(s)/linking, issues browser forward and back buttons as undo action rather than link bi-directionality; [Verbyla 1999] HTML alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] HTML link limitations; [Verbyla 1999] of links, authorities vs. hubs; [Kleinberg 1999] set-based alternatives to pointer-based links, [Parunak 1989] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] directory hierarchy Xanadu alternatives to; [Nelson 1999k] directory-based See Also browsing topic browsing, as WWW information retrieval technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] disambiguation See Also semantics as lexical chaining beneficial side-effect; [Green 1999a] discourse See Also argumentation literature rhetoric grammar, Parunak's taxonomy use; [Kopak 1999] models, value for automatic link generation; [Wilkinson 1999] structure of, lexical chain reflection of, [Morris 1991] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] discovery See Also authors/authoring IR (information retrieval) implicit structure, in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] resource, automatic, in WWW information retrieval; [Chakrabarti 1999d] discrete mathematics WWW structure modeling; [Kleinberg 1999] discursive function, as link role; [Kopak 1999] moves, functional relationships as [Kolb 1997], (footnote); [Kopak 1999] disk trees See Also visualization [Chi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Time Tube use, Time Tube; [Benford 1999] as WWW visualization technique; [Mukherjea 1999] disorientation See Also access mechanisms navigation control of, hierarchical structure use; [Bernstein 1999] as hypermedia user problem; [Mukherjea 1999] as hypertext fiction device; [Bernstein 1999] as a non-issue [Bernstein 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1990] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1992b] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] as pedagogical device; [Bernstein 1999] as a pedagogical device, [Landow 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] possibility of, as motivation for hypertext maps; [Shipman 1999a] as possible consequence, when author model doesn't match reader model; [Bodner 1999a] viewed as danger, in early hypertext development; [Bernstein 1999] danger, in WWW hypertext development; [Bernstein 1999] non-issue; [Bernstein 1999] dissimilarity See Also argumentation IR (information retrieval) similarity relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] distance(s) See Also spatial hypertext converted distance matrix, [Botafogo 1992] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] in graphs, social networks theory use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] measures of semantics; [Tudhope 1999] distiller/distillation as focused crawler component; [Chakrabarti 1999d] topic analysis of WWW as social network; [Chakrabarti 1999d] query-ranking algorithms; [Li 1999] techniques, Google, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, HITS, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, PageRank, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as WWW query ranking technique, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Li 1999] distributed See Also OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) WWW (World-Wide Web) access to scientific information, as Trigg PhD dissertation goal; [Kopak 1999] authoring, versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] global address space Internet difficulties with; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu management of; [Nelson 1999k] systems, link integrity issues; [Davis 1999a] versioning in HyperClas, [Dattolo 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] issues, [Durand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] issues, [Hicks 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Distributed Link Service broken link handling, [Carr 1998] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] divergent See Also argumentation experiences in reading"afternoon: a story"; [Bernstein 1999] in reading"Victory Garden"; [Bernstein 1999] views, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] diversity hypertext relationship characteristic, vs. similarity in information retrieval relationships; [Lewis 1999] as information environment characteristic; [Carr 1999] Dobie, M. bibliographic references, [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] documents/documentation See Also literature analysis, transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] attributes, linking based on; [Carr 1999] [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] collections, semantically-based retrieval tool role; [Tudhope 1999] identifier, anchor use of; [Davis 1999a] as information packages with points of view; [Nelson 1999k] integration in CASE environments, weaknesses of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypertext support of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] legacy, adding hypermedia to; [Anderson 1999b] management, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] models, hypermedia, incorporating time into; [Hardman 1999a] parallel, transpointing windows as a visualization for; [Nelson 1999k] preparation; [Lewis 1999] [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] time-based issues; [Hardman 1999a] read-only, adding hypermedia to; [Anderson 1999b] representation, synset use, [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] separation of index space from, [Frisse 1989] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] software engineering, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] space navigation, [Marchionini 1995] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] structure, XML, (figure); [DeRose 1999a] syntax, organizational link representation of; [Kopak 1999] virtual, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] Doerr, M. bibliographic references, [Doerr 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] DOI (Digital Object identifier) standard See Also standards/standardization URL fragility resolution, [Lynch 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] DOI (Document Object Identifier) as HTML link alternative [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] [Lynch 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] Dom, B. E. bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998a]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1998c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999]; [Li 1999] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] DOM (Document Object Model) See Also model(s)/modeling selection specifications in; [DeRose 1999a] [Wood 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Wood 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] domain See Also address(es)/addressing context/contextual hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] model, adaptive hypermedia systems use; [De Bra 1999] -naming systems, Internet difficulties with; [Nelson 1999k] relationships, need for analysis methodologies; [Bieber 1999] semantics representation, as hypermedia research goal; [Tudhope 1999] representation, [Collier 1987] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] representation, [Trigg 1986] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Douglas, J. Yellowlees bibliographic references [Douglas 1990]; [Bernstein 1999] [Douglas 1993]; [Bernstein 1999] Drew, N. S. bibliographic references, [Hendley 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Drexler, K. Eric as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] drift See Also IR (information retrieval) reference integrity versioning in information retrieval, strategies for reducing; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Drucker, Steven M. bibliographic references, [Yankelovich 1988]; [DeRose 1999a] DTD (Document Type Definition) See Also markup SGML XML as document grammar; [DeRose 1999a] Dublin Core See Also metatdata [DublinCore 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999], [Vitali 1999a] as metadata resource descriptor set, [DublinCore 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Dubs, S. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Dumais, S. T. bibliographic references [Dumais 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Furnas 1987]; [Furner 1999] Dunmire, C. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Durand, David G. See Also versioning XML bibliographic references [DeRose 1990]; [Shipman 1999a] [DeRose 1994]; [Davis 1999a] [DeRose 1995]; [Shipman 1999a] [Durand 1993]; [Vitali 1999] [Durand 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Durand 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Benford 1999] [Hicks 1995]; [Vitali 1999] [Slein 1997]; [Vitali 1999] [Vitali 1995]; [Vitali 1999] dynamic See Also AHS (adaptive hypermedia services) hypertext, categories of adaptation, hypertext role, [Stotts 1991] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] content generation, providing hypertext support for; [Bieber 1999a] guided tours, temporal and spatial relationship role; [Tudhope 1999] hypertext See Also guard fields customization need addressed by; [Bodner 1999a] properties of; [Bodner 1999a] query-based; [Bodner 1999a] querying and browsing integration in; [Bodner 1999a] querying and linking issues; [Bodner 1999a] link generation, issues; [Verbyla 1999] links adaptive links vs.; [Bodner 1999a] in hypertext design models; [Lewis 1999] as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] link service, [Carr 1995] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] link service, [Carr 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] as Multicosm source; [Lewis 1999] as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] in open hypermedia systems; [Lewis 1999] retrieval and navigation use; [Lewis 1999] simulation on the WWW, [Bernstein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] simulation on the WWW, [Kaplan 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] static vs., as automatic link generation issue; [Wilkinson 1999] WWW mechanisms that simulate; [Bernstein 1999] WWW stateless server barriers; [Bernstein 1999] queries, in WebPath; [Benford 1999] system modification, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] "Dynamic Hypertext: Querying and Linking"; [Bodner 1999a] DynaText link semantics handling; [DeRose 1999a] [Reynolds 1992] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] DYymE hypermedia engine automatic link generation from domain relationship analysis, [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] Eakins, J. bibliographic references, [Eakins 1999]; [Lewis 1999] ease-of-use See Also UI (user interface) visualization as hypermedia visualization tool need; [Mukherjea 1999] Eastgate Systems See Also fiction (hypertext) publications; [Bernstein 1999] URL, [Bernstein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] ecologies See Also social, networks WWW, visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] edge weighting See Also IR (information retrieval) as IR contamination reduction technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Edison, Thomas educational aspirations; [van Dam 1999] editing hypertext, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] pullacross, with transpointing windows; [Nelson 1999k] referential, of referential documents, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] Editor), S. C. G. bibliographic references, [Editor 1998]; [Li 1999] EDL (Edit Decision List) content list compared with; [Nelson 1999k] education See Also Landow, George adaptive hypermedia use; [De Bra 1999] hypermedia in, role of link associations; [Lewis 1999] hypertext use in, disorientation value; [Bernstein 1999] Journal of Interactive Media in Education, as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] microworlds, Exploratories project development of; [van Dam 1999] tour use in, [Shipman 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] Web-based, challenges and issues; [van Dam 1999] "Education: the unfinished revolution"; [van Dam 1999] Edwards, D. M. bibliographic references, [Edwards 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] effectiveness See Also evaluation, criteria retrieval, manual vs. automatic link generation; [Furner 1999] efficiency See Also evaluation, criteria of crawlers studies, [Bharat 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] studies, [Lawrence 1999] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as structural computing benefit; [Wiil 1999c] Egghe, L. bibliographic references, [Egghe 1990]; [Kleinberg 1999] Eisen, A. bibliographic references, [Eisen 1996]; [Bernstein 1999] Eklund, J. bibliographic references, [Brusilovsky 1998a]; [De Bra 1999] electronic commerce transcopyright micropayment system [HyperCoin 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999c] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000a] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] electronic publishing; [Carr 1999] See Also digital libraries journals criticism, [Senders 1980] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] early efforts, [Bamford 1972] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] history of; [Treloar 1999] scholarly publishing issues, [Peek 1996] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] elements of interest, domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] relation element theory [Chaffin 1984] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Chaffin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] selection, cognitive problems, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] structure, HTML scope issues; [DeRose 1999a] types, XML support for new kinds; [DeRose 1999a] XLink, categories of behavior; [DeRose 1999a] Elhadad, M. bibliographic references, [Barzilay 1997]; [Green 1999a] elicitation methods [Bieber 2000a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] Ellis, David ACM-CSHT publications, "Inter-linker Cmnsistency in the manual construction of hypertext documents"; [Furner 1999] bibliographic references [Ellis 1993]; [Furner 1999] [Ellis 1994]; [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Ellis 1996]; [Furner 1999] [Furner 1996]; [Furner 1999] Ellis, L. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] email quotations, as example of transclusion value for preservation of context; [Nelson 1999k] embedded links See Also link(s)/linking OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) separation alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] broken, detection and correction issues; [Davis 1999a] external links advantages over; [DeRose 1999a], [Nelson 1999k] as HTML link hallmark; [Verbyla 1999] emergent/emergence annotations, versioning encouragement of, [Maioli 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] collaboration, versioning encouragement of, [Maioli 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] importance in literary interpretation; [Shipman 1999a] interpretations, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] problem-solving strategies overhead impact of predefined link types on; [DeRose 1999a] spatial hypertext support of, [Marshall 1997] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] relationships, support need in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] empirical link taxonomy research and analysis; [Kopak 1999] enactment See Also acteme activities process, as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] transclusion implementation as; [Nelson 1999k] encapsulation See Also component(s) software engineering domain model knowledge, in adaptive hypermedia systems use; [De Bra 1999] of system components, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] of WWW browsers [Anderson 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] [Verbyla 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] Encarnacion, O. bibliographic references, [Boyle 1994]; [De Bra 1999] MetaDoc, [Boyle 1994] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] enfilade Xanadu addressing model 2D, docuverse search use with, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] optimization strategies, for universal address space analysis, xu88 and xu92 approaches; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Engelbart, Douglas C. See Also Augment NLS ACM-CSHT publications, "Bootstrapping our collective intelligence"; [Engelbart 1998] bibliographic references [Engelbart 1962]; [Wiil 1999c] [Engelbart 1963]; [Bernstein 1999] [Engelbart 1968]; [Brailsford 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Engelbart 1984]; [Shipman 1999a], [Brailsford 1999] impact on Exploratories project; [van Dam 1999] engineering See Also CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) software engineering enterprises [Grønbæk 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] as hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] [Malcolm 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] software hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] large-scale, hypermedia requirements for, [Malcolm 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] English, William K. See Also Augment Engelbart, Douglas C. NLS bibliographic references, [Engelbart 1968]; [Brailsford 1999], [Vitali 1999a] ent as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] ent80 Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] Entwistle, N. bibliographic references, [Entwistle 1981]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] environment(s) See Also context authoring, long transactions in, versioning importance for, [Wiil 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] CASE, hypertext, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] closed, open environment vs., in broken link handling; [Carr 1999] multiple open services, open architecture characteristic of; [Wiil 1999c] runtime, linking based on; [Carr 1999] shared visualization, Information Garden; [Benford 1999] software engineering, heterogeneity management issues; [Anderson 1999b] spatial, 3D hypertext visualization within, [Dieberger 1995] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] episode See Also actemes sessions trail marking activities relationship to, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] equilibrium circularity relationship to; [Kleinberg 1999] equivalence relationships semantic index navigation use; [Tudhope 1999] as thesaurus relationship; [Tudhope 1999] error(s) See Also dangling links versioning recovery, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] evaluation See Also user studies adaptive hypermedia; [De Bra 1999] criteria, See consistency effectiveness efficiency extensibility flexibility fragility interoperability malleability performance reliability robustness scaling size functions, COOL link model use; [Bodner 1999a] studies, of MetaEdit+ tools; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] evolution of hypertext link services; [Carr 1999] of web site, Time Tube; [Benford 1999] WWW, visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] Ewing, R. E. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] example See Also explanations learning by, in resource discovery strategies; [Chakrabarti 1999d] pages, as IR contamination reduction technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] exchange See Also standards XML data exchange standard, value for information visualization tools; [Mukherjea 1999] exclusion as link-based hypertext traversal style, vs. inclusion in spatial hypertext traversal; [Shipman 1999a] existence proof Xanadu model, xu88 Xanadu version as; [Nelson 1999k] experimental methodology in a link generation consistency study; [Furner 1999] explanations See Also example adaptive hypermedia provision of; [De Bra 1999] variants, in adaptive hypermedia presentation; [De Bra 1999] exploration/exploratory See Also navigation authoring, versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] information systems that integrate simplication and visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] tools, need for ease-of-use; [Mukherjea 1999] Exploratories project Web-based educational microworld in; [van Dam 1999] extended links groups, in XLink, syntax and semantics; [DeRose 1999a] in XLink, syntax and semantics; [DeRose 1999a] pointers, XPointer based on; [DeRose 1999a] extensibility See Also evaluation, criteria OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) as current hypermedia infrastructure characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] of link type system, in Linking Ability; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] runtime as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] as Multicard capability; [Carr 1999] external annotation, as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] linkbases, as OHS characteristic; [Anderson 1999b] links advantages; [Vitali 1999] document versioning potentials; [Vitali 1999] Intermedia; [Lewis 1999] Intermedia, [Yankelovich 1985] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Sperberg-McQueen 1994] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] XLink support for; [DeRose 1999a] externalization See hyperbases linkbases OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) separation, of links from documents Fahlén L. bibliographic references, [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Fahmy, E. bibliographic references, [Fahmy 1990]; [Wilkinson 1999] fail-safety See Also robustness versioning as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] false links See Also link(s)/linking as query-based dynamic hypertext disadvantage; [Bodner 1999a] fault-tolerance See Also robustness versioning versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] Faust, K. bibliographic references, [Wasserman 1994]; [Kleinberg 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] FDP (Force Directed Placement) WWW3D use, [Fruchterman 1991] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] feature See Also attributes selection and classification, examples importance for; [Chakrabarti 1999d] FeBe (FrontEnd-BackEnd) [FEBE1988] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] [FEBE1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] feint See Also design patterns as hypertext design pattern; [Bernstein 1999] Fellbaum, C. bibliographic references [Beckwith 1991]; [Green 1999a] [Fellbaum 1998]; [Green 1999a] [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] feminism breast-outline hypertext structure map as, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] hypertext and, [Morgan 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] hypertext use of quilt visual metaphor; [Bernstein 1999] Fernandez, M. F. bibliographic references, [Fernandez 1998]; [Li 1999] Ferraiolo, Jon bibliographic references, [Ferraiolo 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] fiction (hypertext) See Also Eastgate Systems "Hegirascope" literature "afternoon: a story"; [Bernstein 1999] complex structure importance; [Bernstein 1999] "Lust"; [Bernstein 1999] [Arnold 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] navigation innovations; [Bernstein 1999] "Victory Garden"; [Bernstein 1999] Fidel, R. bibliographic references, [Fidel 1991]; [Tudhope 1999] Fielding, R. bibliographic references [Berners-Lee 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] [Fielding 1994]; [Davis 1999a] filenames See Also naming as document identifier; [Davis 1999a] files Xanadu alternatives to; [Nelson 1999k] filtering See Also IR (information retrieval) importance for effective WWW searching; [Li 1999] information; [Li 1999] as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] oulier, as topic distillation technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] predicates use for, in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] social, relationships, as query ranking measure; [Li 1999] first-class entities See Also link(s)/linking Xanadu content links as, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] tours as; [Reich 1999a] trails as; [Reich 1999a] Fischer G. bibliographic references, [Fischer 1991]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] fisheye views See Also context navigation structures visualization as Focus + Context technique, [Furnas 1986] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] views of large graphs, [Sarkar 1994] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] VIKI use of, [Shipman 1999] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Flag taxonomy Dexter hypertext reference model, implementation issues addressed by; [Carr 1999] [Østerbye 1996] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] "Flexible CASE and Hypertext"; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] flexible/flexibility See Also evaluation, criteria CASE, hypertext and; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] in relationship representation, importance for emergent problem-solving strategies; [Shipman 1999a] representation of interpretation, [Kolb 1997] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Floating World [FloatingWorld 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000c] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] Florescu, D. bibliographic references [Fernandez 1998]; [Li 1999] [Florescu 1998]; [Li 1999] fluid media [Floating World 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] referential, Xanadu model; [Nelson 1999k] term description; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] flying See Also enactment visualization through 3D landscape, [Benford 1997] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as WWW search visualization interaction technique, [Benford 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] Focus + Context views See Also context(s)/contextual fisheye views navigation views visualization as information visualization strategies; [Mukherjea 1999] as scaling mechanism in 3D WWW visualization, [Lamping 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as scaling mechanism in spatial visualization, [Munzner 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] focused crawler See Also IR (information retrieval) WWW (World Wide Web) building topic-specific portals with; [Chakrabarti 1999d] priming with examples; [Chakrabarti 1999d] WWW search engine use; [Li 1999] fogging See Also versioning of browsing history, as aging technique; [Benford 1999] Foley, J. bibliographic references [Mukherjea 1995a]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Mukherjea 1995b]; [Mukherjea 1999] footnotes as relationship display mechanism; [Nelson 1999k] forces See Also relationships attractive-repulsive, simulating link relationships with; [Benford 1999] force directed placement, [Fruchterman 1991] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] form See Also pattern(s) structure(s) formats/formatting See Also documents XML early structure-based, [Reid 1981] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] MIDI, retrieval advantages; [Lewis 1999] PDF, [PDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Brailsford 1999] separating from structure markup, [Coombs 1987] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XML documents, stylesheets use for; [DeRose 1999a] forward operation as browser link supplement; [Cailliau 1999] as browser link supplement supported by NeXTStep browser; [Cailliau 1999] Fountain, A. M. bibliographic references, [Fountain 1990]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] fragility See Also evaluation, criteria link, as linkbase danger, [Davis 1995] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] as URL deficiency, W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] fragment(s) See Also components content documents conditional inclusion of [De Bra 1997] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] [De Bra 1998] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] identifiers [Berners-Lee 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] in XHTML, [Pemberton 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] in XPointer, [Berners-Lee 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] Frakes, W. B. bibliographic references, [Frakes 1992]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] frameworks "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework"; [De Bra 1999] for adaptive hypermedia systems; [De Bra 1999] Generalized Similarity Analysis, as virtual hypertext structuring mechanism; [Mukherjea 1999] OHS, software engineering support in; [Anderson 1999b] RDF (Resource Description Framework) bibliographic references [RDF 1999]; [Brailsford 1999] linking strategies based on, [Lassila 1999] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] semantic tagging facilitation, [RDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Fraser, Mike ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references, [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] Frécon E. bibliographic references, [Frécon 1998]; [Benford 1999] Freeze, Dennis F. bibliographic references, [Creech 1991]; [Anderson 1999b] FRESS See Also pioneer projects as Brown University project used in education; [van Dam 1998] Frisse, Mark E. bibliographic references [Frisse 1988]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Frisse 1989]; [Tudhope 1999] [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Medical Handbook conversion, [Frisse bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] Fruchterman, T. M. J. bibliographic references, [Fruchterman 1991]; [Benford 1999] Fuller, M. bibliographic references, [Fuller 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] functional/functionality See Also attributes capabilities HTF (hypertext functionality) goals and techniques, [HTF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] as information systems subfield, [Alter 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext, [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] link, in COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] link types, taxonomy, empirical research into; [Kopak 1999] relationships, as discursive moves, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] functions of adaptive hypermedia systems; [De Bra 1999] discusive, as link role; [Kopak 1999] Netscape 'what's related', Web path identification use; [Li 1999] predicate, in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] Fundulaki, I. bibliographic references, [Doerr 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Furnas, George W. See Also fisheye views bibliographic references [Furnas 1986]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Furnas 1987]; [Furner 1999] [Furnas 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] Furner, Jonathan ACM-CSHT publications, "Inter-linker Cmnsistency in the manual construction of hypertext documents"; [Furner 1999] bibliographic references [Ellis 1996]; [Furner 1999] [Furner 1996]; [Furner 1999] Furner-Hines, J. bibliographic references [Ellis 1993]; [Furner 1999] [Ellis 1994]; [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] Furuta, Richard K. bibliographic references [Furuta 1989]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Furuta 1992]; [DeRose 1999a] [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Shipman 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Stotts 1988]; [Carr 1999] [Stotts 1989]; [Bernstein 1999] fuzzy See Also emergent exploration relationship variations, spatial recognition of; [Shipman 1999a] FX Palo Alto Laboratory See Also Xerox PARC publications; [Shipman 1999a] Gaedke, M. bibliographic references, [Gellersen 1997]; [Rossi 1999] Gaggi, S. bibliographic references, [Gaggi 1997]; [Bernstein 1999] Gamma, E. bibliographic references, [Gamma 1995]; [Rossi 1999] Garfield, E. bibliographic references, [Garfield 1972]; [Kleinberg 1999] Garg, P. K. bibliographic references, [Garg 1990]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Garrett, N. L. bibliographic references, [Garrett 1986]; [Brailsford 1999] Garrido, Alejandra bibliographic references [Ashman 1997]; [Bodner 1999a], [Wilkinson 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Garrido 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] Garzotto, Franca bibliographic references [Garzotto 1991]; [Lewis 1999] [Garzotto 1993]; [Rossi 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] gathering See Also author/authoring as atemporal composite creation mechanism; [Hardman 1999a] Gellersen, H.-W. bibliographic references, [Gellersen 1997]; [Rossi 1999] Genealogy demo [Geneology 2000] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] [Geneology 2000a] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] generality/generalization See Also abstractions theory difficulties with, as overfitting result; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as prime goal of Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] Generalized Similarity Analysis framework as virtual hypertext structuring mechanism; [Mukherjea 1999] generation See Also author/authoring idea, hypertext as aid to, [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] of links, automatically; [Wilkinson 1999] generic See Also content-based navigation dynamic links content-based navigation use of; [Lewis 1999] [Hall 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] portals, limitations of for WWW searching; [Chakrabarti 1999d] genre issues [Haas 1998] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] gIBIS See Also argumentation pioneer projects visual network with typed links and nodes, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Gibson, David bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Gibson 1998]; [Li 1999], [DeRose 1999a] [Gibson 1998b]; [Bodner 1999a] Giles, C. Lee bibliographic references [Giles 1998]; [DeRose 1999a] [Lawrence 1999]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Gillmor, D. bibliographic references, [Gillmor 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] global See Also local address space, managing; [Nelson 1999k] context, balancing with local detail, in information visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] hypertext, WWW as; [Kleinberg 1999] link following, Xanadu content link oddird; [Nelson 1999k] persistent name service, as broken link prevention strategy, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] view, missing from the WWW; [Li 1999] Glushko, Robert J. bibliographic references, [Glushko 1989]; [Bernstein 1999] GMD-IPSI HBMS research; [Wiil 1999c] goals See Also readers/reading user, adaptive hypermedia models of; [De Bra 1999] Goble, C. bibliographic references, [Bullock 1998]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] Goldman, R. bibliographic references, [Goldman 1998]; [Li 1999] Goldstein, Ira bibliographic references, [Goldstein 1984]; [Vitali 1999] Golovchinsky, Gene bibliographic references [Golovchinsky 1993]; [Bodner 1999a] [Golovchinsky 1997]; [Bodner 1999a] [Price 1998]; [Furner 1999] Gomberg, C. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Gomez, L. M. bibliographic references, [Furnas 1987]; [Furner 1999] Goodman, Danny bibliographic references, [Goodman 1987]; [Lewis 1999] Goodman, Joseph M. bibliographic references, [Campbell 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Anderson 1999b] Google search engine See Also IR (information retrieval) search influence weight balancing strategies; [Kleinberg 1999] [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] topic distillation algorithm use; [Li 1999] topic distillation technique, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Gorry, G.A. bibliographic references, [Shipman 1989]; [Shipman 1999a] Gossweiler, G. bibliographic references, [Chi 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999] Gossweiler, R. bibliographic references, [Chi 1998]; [Benford 1999] Grønbæk, Kaj bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Grønbæk 1993]; [Carr 1999] [Grønbæk 1994]; [Hardman 1999a] [Grønbæk 1994a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk 1994b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk 1996]; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999] [Grønbæk 1997]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Grønbæk 1999]; [Carr 1999] Graham, M. bibliographic references, [Eakins 1999]; [Lewis 1999] grammar See Also structure(s)/structural/structuring discourse, Parunak's taxonomy use; [Kopak 1999] document, DTD as; [DeRose 1999a] "Grammatron" temporal link use; [Bernstein 1999] Grams, E.S. bibliographic references, [Haas 1998]; [Kopak 1999] granularity See Also design issues fine-grained anchors as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] XPath support; [DeRose 1999a] importance, in virtual document versioning; [Vitali 1999] user model, adaptive hypermedia vs. ordinary adaptible systems; [De Bra 1999] graph(s) See Also structures (hypertext), classification algorithms; [Kleinberg 1999] clan, as WWW visualization technique, [Terveen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] combinatorial and algebraic properties, WWW structure modeling; [Kleinberg 1999] directed spatial relationships advantages over; [Shipman 1999a] WWW modeling as; [Kleinberg 1999] fisheye views of, [Sarkar 1994] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] graphical overviews, trails combined with, as trip metaphor; [Reich 1999a] hierarchies as filtering technique for; [Mukherjea 1999] layout heuristics, [Battista 1993] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] optimization as NP-hard, [Johnson 1984] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] node-link, WWW visualization as; [Benford 1999] social networks theory use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, similarity measure use; [Furner 1999] topology, measuring, limitation of; [Wilkinson 1999] visualization issues; [Mukherjea 1999] Greco, Diane bibliographic references, [Greco 1996]; [Shipman 1999a] greedy algorithms See Also algorithms lexical chaining; [Green 1999a] Green, Stephen J. ACM-CSHT publications, "Lexical semantics and automatic hypertext construction"; [Green 1999a] bibliographic references [Green 1998]; [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Green 1999]; [Green 1999a] Greenberg, S. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Greene, Stuart as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Greenhalgh, Chris M. ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references [Benford 1995]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Gregory, Roger as co-designer of Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Griffiths, J. P. bibliographic references, [Reich 1999]; [Carr 1999] Griffiths, S. R. bibliographic references, [Lewis 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Griss, M. L. bibliographic references, [Creech 1991]; [Anderson 1999b] Groff, J.-F. bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1992]; [Carr 1999] Gross, D. bibliographic references [Beckwith 1991]; [Green 1999a] [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] group(s) See Also aggregation collection composite as Dexter hypertext reference model, hypertext component; [Carr 1999] extended link, in XLink, syntax and semantics; [DeRose 1999a] and organization interfaces; [Reich 1999a] Grusin, R. bibliographic references, [Bolter 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] Guarino, N. bibliographic references, [Guarino 1998]; [Kopak 1999] Gudivada, Venkat N. bibliographic references, [Gudivada 1997]; [Li 1999] Guide See Also pioneer projects [Brown 1987] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] as early hypertext authoring tool; [Bernstein 1999] static point-to-point links in; [Lewis 1999] guided tours See Also access mechanisms navigation dynamic, temporal and spatial relationship role; [Tudhope 1999] dynamic generation of, [Guinan 1992]d bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] as hypertext navigation aid; [Reich 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] as information access tool, domain relationship analysis of; [Bieber 1999] trails vs., as hypertext navigation mechanisms; [Reich 1999a] [Zellweger 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Guidon browser See Also WWW (World Wide Web) browser use, [Keyhani 1993] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] early hypertext electronic journal use; [Treloar 1999] Guimaraes, Nino M. bibliographic references, [Puttress 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] Guinan, C. bibliographic references, [Guinan 1992]; [Wilkinson 1999] Gunzenhäuser, R. bibliographic references, [Hohl 1996]; [De Bra 1999] Gzigzag [Gzigzag 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] Haake, Anya bibliographic references [Durand 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1992]; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1996]; [Vitali 1999] [Hicks 1995]; [Vitali 1999] Haake, Jorg M. bibliographic references [Bapat 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] [Haake 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Schütt and Haake 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Thüring 1995]; [Bieber 1999a] Haan, Bernard J. bibliographic references [Haan 1992]; [Lewis 1999] [Yankelovich 1988]; [Shipman 1999a] Haas, S.W. bibliographic references, [Haas 1998]; [Kopak 1999] Halasz, Frank G. bibliographic references [Halasz 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Hardman 1999a] [Halasz 1988]; [Vitali 1999] [Halasz 1990]; [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a], [Brailsford 1999] [Halasz 1994]; [Lewis 1999], [Hardman 1999a], [Davis 1999a] [Marshall 1991]; [Shipman 1999a] Hypertext '87 keynote address, versioning issues in, [Halasz 1988] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Hale, J. bibliographic references, [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999] Hall, Wendy ACM-CSHT publications "The evolution of hypertext link services"; [Carr 1999] "The significance of linking"; [Lewis 1999] "Where have you been from here? Trails in hypertext systems"; [Reich 1999a] bibliographic references [Brailsford 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] [Carr 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Anderson 1999b], [Cailliau 1999] [Carr 1998]; [Reich 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] [Carr 2000]; [Lewis 1999] [Davis 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Brailsford 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Davis 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Davis 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Fountain 1990]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] [Hall 1996]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [DeRose 1999a] [Hothi 1998]; [De Bra 1999] [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Lewis 1996]; [Lewis 1999] [Lewis 2000]; [Vitali 1999a] [Lowe 1999]; [Cailliau 1999] [Melly 1995]; [Vitali 1999] Halliday, M. bibliographic references, [Halliday 1976]; [Green 1999a] HAM (Hypertext Abstract Machine) See Also models/modeling pioneer projects software engineering hypertext support, [Delisle 1986] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] "Hamlet" as parallel document for"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead"; [Nelson 1999k] Hammond, Nick V. bibliographic references [Hammond 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Hammwöhner, R. bibliographic references, [Rittberger 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Handle System bibliographic references, [Handle System 1999]; [Brailsford 1999] Hannemann, H. bibliographic references, [Streitz 1992]; [Vitali 1999a] Hannemann, J. bibliographic references [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] [Thüring 1995]; [Bieber 1999a] Hansen, W. bibliographic references, [Sherman 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] Hara, Y. bibliographic references [Hirata 1996]; [Lewis 1999] [Hirata 1997]; [Carr 1999] [Mukherjea 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] Hardman, Lynda ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia: the link with time"; [Hardman 1999a] bibliographic references [Edwards 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Hardman 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] [Hardman 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] hardware high resolution displays, as hypermedia journal need; [Treloar 1999] Harmony Internet Browser See Also Hyper-G WWW (World Wide Web) bibliographic references, [Andrews1995]; [Mukherjea 1999] as information exploration system; [Mukherjea 1999] Harpold, Terry bibliographic references, [Harpold 1991]; [Bernstein 1999] Harter, Edward as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Hasan, R. bibliographic references, [Halliday 1976]; [Green 1999a] Hassan, S. W. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Hatzopulous, M. bibliographic references, [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999] HB1 (HyperBase 1) See Also HBMS (hyperbase management systems) as open hypermedia platform, [Schnase 1993] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] HB3 (HyperBase 3) See Also HBMS (hyperbase management systems) version services, [Hicks 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] HBMS (hyperbase management systems) See Also systems characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] research [Bapat et al. 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Campbell and Goodman 1987] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk and Trigg 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk and Trigg1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Leggett and Schnase 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Schütt and Haake 1993] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Schnase 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Schnase et al. 1993] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Schutt and Streitz 1990] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Shackelford et al. 1993] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Smith and Smith 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1993] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil and Leggett 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil and Leggett 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] hcoin96 Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] Heath, Ian bibliographic references [Davis 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Brailsford 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Fountain 1990]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] transpointing window implementation; [Nelson 1999k] Hebrew citation indexes See Also scholarly as early hypertext; [Treloar 1999] Heckerman, D. bibliographic references, [Dumais 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] "Hegirascope" See Also fiction (hypertext) temporal link use; [Bernstein 1999] Hekmatpour, A. bibliographic references, [Hekmatpour 1995]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Helm, R. bibliographic references, [Gamma 1995]; [Rossi 1999] Hem, J. A. bibliographic references [Grønbæk 1993]; [Carr 1999] [Grønbæk 1994a]; [Wiil 1999c] Hendley, R.J. bibliographic references, [Hendley 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Henzinger, M. R. bibliographic references [Bharat 1998]; [Li 1999] [Bharat 1998b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Bharat 1998c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Dean 1999]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Silverstein 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Hermann, D.J. bibliographic references [Chaffin 1984]; [Kopak 1999] [Chaffin 1987]; [Kopak 1999] HES (Hypertext Editing System) See Also pioneer projects Ted Nelson and Andy van Dam collaboration on; [van Dam 1998] heterogeneous See Also OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) information representation hypertext as component in; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] software engineering computing environments, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] Hibbert, Chris as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Hicks, David L. bibliographic references [Durand 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1996]; [Vitali 1999] [Hicks 1993]; [Vitali 1999] [Hicks 1995]; [Vitali 1999] [Schnase 1993]; [Wiil 1999c], [Tudhope 1999], [Carr 1999] hiding See Also level of detail visualization link, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] hierarchy/hierarchical See Also graphs structure(s) trees centralized root node management, vs. Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] directory, Xanadu alternatives to; [Nelson 1999k] as graph filtering technique, [Botafogo 1992] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] orientation role; [Bodner 1999a] relationships, as thesaurus relationship; [Tudhope 1999] structure advocate, [Brown 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Guide use as hypertext backbone; [Bernstein 1999] WWW design use for disorientation control; [Bernstein 1999] tours use of; [Reich 1999a] visualization, landscape metaphor use; [Mukherjea 1999] as WWW filtering technique, [Durand 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] in XML; [DeRose 1999a] XML modeling of; [DeRose 1999a] high resolution displays See Also graphics hardware visualization as hypermedia journal need; [Treloar 1999] highlighting of link targets, importance of; [Cailliau 1999] Hill, Eric as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Hill, Gary J. bibliographic references [Carr 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Anderson 1999b], [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Brailsford 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999], [Reich 1999a] Hirata, K. bibliographic references [Hirata 1996]; [Lewis 1999] [Hirata 1997]; [Carr 1999] Hirayama, S. bibliographic references, [Tanaka 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Hirst, G. bibliographic references [Hirst 1998]; [Green 1999a] [Morris 1991]; [Green 1999a] history of electronic journals; [Treloar 1999] of hypermedia infrastructure research; [Wiil 1999c] (figure); [Wiil 1999c] hypertext in the Web; [Cailliau 1999] of information retrieval vs. hypertext; [Lewis 1999] link history list, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of linking; [Lewis 1999] lists, as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] of open hypermedia systems; [Carr 1999] path, back and forward operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] of spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] user, hypertext navigation value; [Wilkinson 1999] user browsing, visualization of; [Benford 1999] of versioning in hypermedia; [Vitali 1999] Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] Hitchcock, S. bibliographic references, [Carr 1998]; [Reich 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] HITS (Hyperlink Induced Topic Search) See Also IR (information retrieval) as topic distillation technique, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] HMOS (hypermedia operating system) See Also HBMS (hyperbase management systems) HOSS systems characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] SC systems support of; [Wiil 1999c] as structural computing hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] Hobbs S. bibliographic references, [Roth 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Hodge, Erik bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Hohl, H., bibliographic references, [Hohl 1996]; [De Bra 1999] Hollander, David bibliographic references, [Bray 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] Honda, T. bibliographic references, [Manabu 1994]; [Green 1999a] Hoover, Hugh as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Hoschka, Philipp bibliographic references [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] [Hoschka 1997]; [Hardman 1999a] [Hoschka 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] HOSS See Also HBMS (hyperbase management systems) as structural computing hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] Hothi, J. bibliographic references, [Hothi 1998]; [De Bra 1999] HotSauce browser See Also browsing spatial visualization WWW (World Wide Web) [HotSauce 1999] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as spatial hypertext visualization of the WWW, [HotSauce 1999] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] Houben, Geert-Jan ACM-CSHT publications, "Adaptive hypermedia: from systems to framework"; [De Bra 1999] bibliographic references, [De Bra 1999]; [De Bra 1999] HTF (hypertext functionality) goals and techniques; [Bieber 1999a] [HTF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] as information systems subfield, [Alter 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] HTML (HyperText Markup Language) See Also WWW (World-Wide Web) XML browsers, link traversal behavior; [Hardman 1999a] deficiencies workarounds [Gibson 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Giles 1996] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Giles 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] frames, [Raggett 1998] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] link, semantics of; [Verbyla 1999] linking disadvantages; [DeRose 1999a] links alternatives, [Ashman 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] alternatives, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] alternatives, [Kappe 1993] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] limitations and alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] static point-to-point links in; [Lewis 1999] transpublishing in, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] XML linking vs.; [DeRose 1999a] HTS (HyperTransaction System) [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] Keio University system, [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright relationship to, [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] http (hypertext transfer protocol) hypertext importance emphasized in; [Cailliau 1999] Hubbell, C.H. bibliographic references, [Hubbell 1965]; [Kleinberg 1999] hubs authorities, communities and, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] in HITS, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] nodes, structure-based search use in XML database; [Li 1999] pages, term description; [Li 1999] as resource guides; [Kleinberg 1999] "Hubs, Authorities, and Communities"; [Kleinberg 1999] Hudson, S. bibliographic references, [Mukherjea 1995b]; [Mukherjea 1999] human authored indexing, [Tudhope 2000] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] factors; [Kleinberg 1999], [Mukherjea 1999], [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] information processing; [De Bra 1999] judgment, in directory-based topic browsing, advantages and disadvantages; [Chakrabarti 1999d] working styles, hypermedia research reflection of; [Wiil 1999c] Hunt, W. bibliographic references, [Kazman 1996]; [Green 1999a] Hutchings, Gerard A. bibliographic references [Hall 1996]; [Wiil 1999c], [Lewis 1999], [Shipman 1999a] [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999] [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Hyper-G See Also browsing visualization as alternatives to WWW, [Maurer 1996] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] [Andrews 1995] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] broken links solution; [Carr 1999] as link server hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] link server hypermedia system, [Maurer 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] link-service aware editors, as solution to content reference problems, [Kappe 1995] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] as open hypertext system; [Wilkinson 1999] HyperBase system as open hypermedia platform, [Schütt 1990] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] hyperbases See Also linkbases examples of, See HB1 (HyperBase 1) HB3 (HyperBase 3) HBMS (hyperbase management systems) HyperBase system HTML link limitations, [THistlewaite 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] hyperbolic browsers as Focus + Context technique; [Mukherjea 1999] [Lamping 1995] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] space, as 3D visualization of WWW, [Munzner 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] HyperCard See Also pioneer projects bibliographic references, [Goodman 1987]; [Lewis 1999] as early hypertext authoring tool; [Bernstein 1999] static point-to-point links in; [Lewis 1999] HyperClas distributed and cooperative versioning, [Dattolo 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] HyperClass iterative relaxation algorithm circularity resolution by, [Chakrabarti 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] HyperCoin [HyperCoin 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] hypercubes See Also lattice sets structure(s) torus as hypertext structure, [Parunak 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] HyperDisco multiple open services hypermedia system [Wiil 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997b] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] tool integration support; [Carr 1999] [Wiil 1996] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] WWW support, [Wiil 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] Hyperform version services, [Wiil 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] versioning concerns, [Wiil 1992b] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] "Hypermedia: A Design Philosophy"; [Bieber 1999] "Hypermedia Research Directions: An Infrastructure Perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] "Hypermedia: The Link with Time"; [Hardman 1999a] hypernym links See Also lexical chaining link(s)/linking synset connection by; [Green 1999a] "Hypertext Functionality"; [Bieber 1999a] "Hypertext in the Web - a History"; [Cailliau 1999] "Hypertext Link Integrity"; [Davis 1999a] hypertext/hypermedia See Also pioneer projects pioneers adaptive; [De Bra 1999] Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework; [De Bra 1999] advantages, for existing applications; [Bieber 1999a] CASE environments, [Bigelow 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] environments, [Cybulski 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] environments, [Isakowitz 1996] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] environments, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] information modeling tools, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] subsystems, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] subsystems, [Fischer 1991] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] subsystems, [Garg 1990] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] subsystems, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] categories of, See AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) dynamic hypertext monolithic hypertext OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) set-based hypertext spatial hypertext time-based hypertext classification, [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] concepts, [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] creation, manual vs. automatic link generation; [Furner 1999] definitions [Bolter 19991] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] [Nelson 1981] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] non-sequential access; [Lewis 1999] science of relationships and relationship management; [Lewis 1999] design methodologies [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Christodoulou 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Garzotto 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Isakowitz 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Lange 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Schwabe 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] design models, [Garzotto 1991] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] design patterns, [Bernstein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] editing, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] fiction complex structure importance; [Bernstein 1999] navigation innovations; [Bernstein 1999] general purpose systems, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in heterogeneous information representation [Jarke 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Jarke 1994] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] information modeling tools [Jarke 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Jarke 1994] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] infrastructure development states [Nürnberg 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil and Nürnberg 1999] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] intermediary agent CASE environment role; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in MetaEdit+, (figure); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] journals [Coleman 1996] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] history of; [Treloar 1999] JIME as example of; [Treloar 1999] [Treloar 1996] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] knowledge-based, semantic index suppport of; [Tudhope 1999] link quality assessment criteria, [Thistlewaite 1995] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] mindset design philosophy; [Bieber 1999] domain relationship analysis role; [Bieber 1999] hypertext functionality role; [Bieber 1999a] maxiumum access philosophy; [Bieber 1999] monolithic systems [Engelbart 1962] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Halasz et al. 1987] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] navigation and maps; [De Bra 1999], [Hardman 1999a] [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] [Lewis 2000] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] navigation overview, [Nielsen 1995] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] network visualization, [Durand 1998] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] postmodern oscillation and [Lanham 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Rau 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] representation rules, [Shneiderman 1989] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] research directions, as infrastructure perspective, [Wiil 2000] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] retrieval and management, integrating content search with structure analysis; [Li 1999] rhetoric structural patterns and; [Bernstein 1999] term description; [Bernstein 1999] as science of relationships, [Isakowitz 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] search, information unit use; [Li 1999] search integration with, dynamic semantic link creation with; [Wilkinson 1999] service standardization [Wiil 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] spatial as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] impact of; [Shipman 1999a] virtual reality enabled, Generalized Similarity Analysis framework use; [Mukherjea 1999] standards and systems, [Moline 1990] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] structure; [Wiil 1999c] as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] support, [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] structuring mechanism, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] system development support by [Akscyn 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Bigelow 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Cybulski 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Fischer 1991] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Garg 1990] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Isakawitz 1996] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Roth 1994] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] system interoperability support, [Meyrowitz 1989] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] time-based, See Also Amsterdam Hypertext Model training relevant link determination use, [Calvi 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] relevant link determination use, [Calvi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] value, to non-hypertext-based applications; [Bieber 1999a] as value-added support functionality for applications, [Oinas-Kukkonen 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] versioning; [Vitali 1999] issues; [Vitali 1999] visualization standards and theories, [Furnas 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] usability studies, issues and examples; [Mukherjea 1999] usability studies, [Schaffer 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] in XML linking; [DeRose 1999a] HyperVIS as 3D visualization of browsing history, [Brown 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] HyTime See Also link(s)/linking XML just-in-time broken link repairs, [DeRose 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] TEI extended pointers relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] "I Have Said Nothing" cruciform hypertext structure map; [Bernstein 1999] "I Remember Mama" impact on Ted Nelson; [Nelson 1998d] ID (identifiers) See Also address(es)/addressing attributes, XPath use; [DeRose 1999a] document, anchor use of; [Davis 1999a] fragment in XHTML, [Pemberton 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] in XPointer, [Berners-Lee 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] HTML link disadvantages; [Verbyla 1999] permanent, as hallmark of Xanadu data model; [Nelson 1999k] universal, Xanadu enfilade theory; [Nelson 1999k] Ide, Nancy bibliographic references, [Ide 1995]; [DeRose 1999a] idea generation hypertext as aid to, [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] identification See Also ID (identifiers) of resources, HTML link issues; [DeRose 1999a] identity relation similarity relation; [Green 1999a] IEEE Computer special issue on content-based retrieval., [Computer 1995] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] IETF standards See Also standards/standardization WebDAV, versioning concerns, [Slein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] illustration links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] as rhetorical link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] image(s) -based retrieval, [Eakins 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] content-based retrieval issues; [Lewis 1999] data, Microcosm link service for; [Carr 1999] immersive media hypertext potentials; [Bernstein 1999] impact factor [Garfield 1972] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] as scientific journal citation analysis method; [Kleinberg 1999] implementation application, hypertext as value-added component; [Bieber 1999a] domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] implications constructively ambiguous, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] implicit links adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] as HTML-link alternative; [Verbyla 1999] in hypertext design models; [Lewis 1999] relationships forms of; [Anderson 1999b] support need in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] structure discovery, [Marshall 1993] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] importance node, strategies for determining, impact on WWW structure analaysis; [Kleinberg 1999] imprecise queries, [Tudhope 1997] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] relationships, spatial recognition of; [Shipman 1999a] in-degree as crawler parameter, in path exploration strategy determination; [Li 1999] in-line link markup as HTML link limitation; [Verbyla 1999] issues and alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] inclusion as spatial hypertext traversal style, vs. exclusion in link-based hypertext traversal; [Shipman 1999a] inclusions in Xanadu storage, versioning issues, [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] inclusive spatial hypertext relationships, [Rosenberg 1997] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] index(ing) automatic contrasted with semantic indexes; [Tudhope 1999] human indexing compared with; [Furner 1999] as information access tool, domain relationship analysis of; [Bieber 1999] manual, hypertext link generation compared with; [Furner 1999] queries over, queries, use as navigation mechanism; [Tudhope 1999] semantic domain representation use; [Tudhope 1999] [Tudhope 2000] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] systems, classification of; [Tudhope 1999] Indian Institute of Technology Bombay publications; [Chakrabarti 1999d] indirect computed links See Also link(s)/linking [Cunliffe 1997] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] industry large-scale software engineering projects, hypermedia requirements for, [Malcolm 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Indyk, P. bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998a]; [Li 1999] [Chakrabarti 1998c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] influence weights influence on prominance ranking analysis of social networks; [Kleinberg 1999] [Pinski 1976] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] information access, large hypertext issues; [Tudhope 1999] analysis as hypermedia structuring principles application; [Wiil 1999c] [Marshal and Shipman, 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Shipman et al. 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] architecture, semantic tagging role; [Tudhope 1999] browsers, "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework"; [De Bra 1999] environments, diverse nature of; [Carr 1999] exploration systems that integrate simplication and visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] tools, need for ease-of-use; [Mukherjea 1999] filtering; [Li 1999] interchange, software engineering project management issues; [Anderson 1999b] interfaces, "Hypermedia Research Directions: An Infrastructure Perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] modeling tools, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] XML capabilities; [DeRose 1999a] representation, in software engineering; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] retrieval, See IR (information retrieval) space, simplification, as precursor to information visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] structures, XML modeling of; [DeRose 1999a] structuring, through relationships, hypermedia as; [Bieber 1999] triage, [Marshall 1997] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] units, as WWW composites; [Li 1999] visualization for hypermedia systems; [Mukherjea 1999] in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] Information Garden as shared visualization environment, [Crossley 1997] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] "Information Visualization for Hypermedia Systems"; [Mukherjea 1999] infrastructure hypermedia; [Wiil 1999c] future research directions; [Wiil 1999c] research history; [Wiil 1999c] research history, (figure); [Wiil 1999c] review and future directions, [Wiil 2000] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] hypermedia functionality for the WWW, XPath, XPointer, and XLink provision for; [DeRose 1999a] MOS middleware services handling; [Wiil 1999c] Ingham, D bibliographic references, [Ingham 1996]; [Davis 1999a] Ingram, R. J. bibliographic references [Benford 1995]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1997]; [Benford 1999] [Ingram 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] inline links See Also link(s)/linking external links advantages over; [DeRose 1999a] innovation process and product, as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] in scholarly journals, hypertext applications, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] institutions Aalborg University; [Wiil 1999c] Aarhus University; [Wiil 1999c] Brown University; [DeRose 1999a] C&C Research Laboratories; [Li 1999] Cornell University; [Kleinberg 1999] CWI; [Hardman 1999a] Eastgate Systems; [Bernstein 1999] FX Palo Alto Laboratory; [Shipman 1999a] Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Keio University; [Nelson 1999k] LIFIA; [Rossi 1999] Macquarie University; [Green 1999a] Monash University; [Treloar 1999] UCLA; [Furner 1999] Inter-Linker Consistency in the Manual Construction of Hypertext Documents; [Furner 1999] University of Bologna; [Vitali 1999] University of Colorado, Boulder; [Anderson 1999b] University of Glamorgan; [Tudhope 1999] University of Oulu; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] University of Sheffield; [Furner 1999] Inter-Linker Consistency in the Manual Construction of Hypertext Documents; [Furner 1999] University of Southampton; [Carr 1999], [Reich 1999a] University of Toronto; [Bodner 1999a] integrated environments, CASE and hypertext; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] "Integrating Content Search with Structure Analysis for Hypermedia Retrieval and Management"; [Li 1999] integration of content, structure, and use, importance for WWW visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] of hypertext with CASE, taxonomy, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] system, as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] of third-party applications as OHS characteristic; [Anderson 1999b] as OHS characteristic, [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] as OHS characteristic, [Whitehead 1997] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] of unstructured knowledge in CASE environment; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] integrity link, survey of issues; [Davis 1999a] referential, XPaths and; [DeRose 1999a] intellectual property rights See Also copyright system transcopyright issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu support for; [Nelson 1999k] intelligent navigation, semantic index suppport of; [Tudhope 1999] IntelligentPad [IntelligentPad 1995] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] intelligibility link proliferation impact on; [Bernstein 1999] intensional-retrieval links See Also link(s)/linking [DeRose 1989] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] as semantically indexed hypermedia link characteristic; [Tudhope 1999] inter-indexer consistency issues, [Leonard 1997] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] "Inter-Linker Consistency in the Manual Construction of Hypertext Documents"; [Furner 1999] interaction/interactive examples, as JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] hypertext support for, in CASE environments; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] with linear multimedia presentations, behavior semantics; [Hardman 1999a] as linearity modification mechanism, in time-based hypermedia; [Hardman 1999a] media, Journal of Interactive Media in Education. as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] reader, inclusion in spatial hypertext traversal vs. exclusion in link-based hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] with spatial relationships, VIKI support of manipulation capabilities; [Shipman 1999a] web-based; [Reich 1999a] WWW search visualization, [Benford 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] interchange information, SGML support of; [Carr 1999] interconnected literature, [Nelson 1984] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] reference materials, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] interfaces information, "Hypermedia Research Directions: An Infrastructure Perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] spatial, document-based interface vs., spatial interface benefits; [Shipman 1999a] well-defined, as open architecture characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] "Intergrams" overlapping structures; [Bernstein 1999] "Intergrams" rhetorical devices, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Intermedia external link database; [Lewis 1999] [Yankelovich 1985] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Yankelovich 1988] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Haan 1992] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Yankelovich 1985] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Yankelovich 1988] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] intermediary hypertext agent CASE environment role; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Kerola 1992] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] in MetaEdit+, (figure); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Internet Archive potential for universal address space analysis; [Nelson 1999k] Internet Foyer as physical/virtual reality collaboration space, [Benford 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] interoperability See Also evaluation, criteria as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] of cataloging and retrieval tools, as minimalist semantic modeling motivation; [Tudhope 1999] hypertext system, early support for; [Carr 1999] of independent open hypermedia systems; [Carr 1999] lack of, as weakness of early hypertext support of software engineering; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of multiple overlapping thesauri, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] as open architecture characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] SQL support of; [Carr 1999] as structural computing benefit; [Wiil 1999c] interpentration of text, support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] interrelated documents, transpointing window use for manipulating; [Nelson 1999k] interviews as example of transclusion value for preservation of context; [Nelson 1999k] IR (information retrieval) See Also browsing digital libraries algorithms, as link discovery technique, [Allen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] as application for MOS middleware services; [Wiil 1999c] automatic index characteristics, contrasted with semantic indexes; [Tudhope 1999] clustering as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] techniques, [Pirolli 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] techniques, [van Rijsbergen 1979] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] effectiveness, manual vs. automatic link generation; [Furner 1999] hubs, authorities, communities and, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] hypermedia, integration of content search with structure analysis for; [Li 1999] lexical semantics performance vs.; [Green 1999a] IR (information retrieval lexical semantics relationship to; [Green 1999a] IR (information retrieval) as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] navigation vs.; [Lewis 1999] in information handling; [Lewis 1999] statistical, merging with semantic controlled vocabularies, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] WWW challenges; [Chakrabarti 1999d] WWW simplification, as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] XML element class advantages for; [DeRose 1999a] Irish, Peggy M. bibliographic references, [Marshall 1989]; [Davis 1999a] Isacowitz, Tomás bibliographic references, [Isacowitz 1995]; [Rossi 1999] Isakowitz, Tomás bibliographic references [Balasubramanian 1998]; [Bieber 1999] [Isakowitz 1993]; [Bieber 1999a] [Isakowitz 1995]; [Lewis 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] [Isakowitz 1996]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] ISO external links, [ISO 1992] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] HyTime, [ISO 1992] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 8879-1986 (SGML), [ISO 1986] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] See Also standards/standardization [ISO 1992] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] iteration HyperClass iterative relaxation algorithm, circularity resolution by, [Chakrabarti 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Jacobs, Ian bibliographic references [Bos 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] [Raggett 1998]; [Hardman 1999a], [Vitali 1999] James, R. bibliographic references, [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999] Janssen, W. bibliographic references, [Marshall 1991]; [Shipman 1999a] Jarke, M. bibliographic references [Jarke 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Jarke et al. 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Java as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] Jeffay, K. bibliographic references, [Dewan 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] Jefferson, Thomas bibliographic reference and URL, [Jefferson 1776]; [Nelson 1999k] Jellinghaus, Rob as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] JIME (Journal of Interactive Media in Education) as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] Joachims, T. bibliographic references, [Joachims 1997]; [Li 1999] Johnson, D. bibliographic references, [Johnson 1984]; [Mukherjea 1999] Johnson, R. bibliographic references, [Gamma 1995]; [Rossi 1999] Jones, C. bibliographic references [Beynon-Davies 1994]; [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 1994]; [Tudhope 1999] Jourdan, M. bibliographic references, [Jourdan 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] Journal of Biological Chemistry as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] Journal of Interactive Media in Education (JIME) as innovative electronic scholarly journal; [Treloar 1999] journals Caerdroia Journal, [Caerdroia 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] hypermedia, JIME as example of; [Treloar 1999] Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials, early hypertext electronic journal; [Treloar 1999] scholarly citation analysis methods, [Egghe 1990] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] innovation in, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] scientific, citation analysis methods; [Kleinberg 1999] Joyce, D. bibliographic references, [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] Joyce, Michael bibliographic references [Bernstein 1992]; [Bernstein 1999] [Joyce 1990]; [Bernstein 1999] [Joyce 1997]; [Bernstein 1999] just-in-time broken link repairs; [Davis 1999a] Kacmar, Charles J. bibliographic references [Bieber 1995]; [Bieber 1999a] [Kacmar 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] Kahle, Brewster personal communication; [Nelson 1999k] Kahn, Paul bibliographic references [Durand 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Benford 1999] [Haan 1992]; [Lewis 1999] [Landow 1992b]; [Bernstein 1999] Kang, J. bibliographic references, [Fernandez 1998]; [Li 1999] Kaplan, Nancy bibliographic references, [Kaplan 1996]; [Bernstein 1999] Kappe, Frank bibliographic references [Andrews 1995]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Kappe 1993]; [Verbyla 1999] [Kappe 1995]; [Davis 1999a] Katz, L. bibliographic references, [Katz 1953]; [Kleinberg 1999] Kauffman R.J. bibliographic references, [Isakowitz 1996]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Kawasaki, S. bibliographic references, [Hirata 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Kazman, R. bibliographic references [Al-Halimi 1998]; [Green 1999a] [Carriere 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Carriere 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Kazman 1996]; [Green 1999a] [Kominek 1997]; [Green 1999a] Kearsley, G. bibliographic references, [Shneiderman 1989]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Kehoe, C. bibliographic references, [Pitkow 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Keio University permission formats, [KeioPermission 1999]; [Nelson 1999k] transpublishing system, [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu research; [Nelson 1999k] Keller, R. M. bibliographic references, [Keller 1997]; [Reich 1999a] Kerola P. bibliographic references, [Kerola 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Keyhani, A. bibliographic references, [Keyhani 1993]; [Treloar 1999] Khan, K. bibliographic references, [Khan 1998]; [Li 1999] Kheirbek, A. bibliographic references, [Chiaramella 1996]; [Tudhope 1999] KHS link server hypermedia system, [Rittberger et al. 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Kibby, M. R. bibliographic references [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Mayes 1988]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Kim, M. Y. bibliographic references, [Kim 1995]; [Hardman 1999a] King, Roland as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] KITE [IBSI 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] Kleinberg, Jon M. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hubs, authorities, and communities"; [Kleinberg 1999] bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Gibson 1998]; [Li 1999], [Shipman 1999a] [Kleinberg 1998]; [Kleinberg 1999], [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] KMS See Also pioneer projects link traversal behavior, [McCracken 1984] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] support of system development, [Akscyn 1988] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Knight, Simon bibliographic references, [Davis 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] knowledge -based hypermedia systems, semantic index suppport of; [Tudhope 1999] domain model encapsulation, in adaptive hypermedia systems use; [De Bra 1999] elicitation, RNA use for; [Bieber 1999] process, linking based on; [Carr 1999] unstructured, hypertext representation and integration; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] user, adaptive hypermedia models of; [De Bra 1999] Knox, I. bibliographic references, [Benford 1995]; [Benford 1999] Kolb, David bibliographic references [Kolb 1994]; [Bernstein 1999] [Kolb 1997]; [Shipman 1999a], [Kopak 1999] Koleva, Boriana ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references, [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] Koller, D. bibliographic references, [Koller 1997]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Kolojechick, J. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Kominek, J. bibliographic references, [Kominek 1997]; [Green 1999a] Kopak, Richard W. ACM-CSHT publications, "A proposal for a taxonomy of functional link types"; [Kopak 1999] bibliographic references, [Kopak 1999]; [Bodner 1999a] Kopf, W. bibliographic references, [Meusel 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] Korfhage, R. R. bibliographic references, [Olsen 1993]; [Benford 1999] Krantz, M. bibliographic references, [Krantz 1999]; [Cailliau 1999] Kuhlen, R. bibliographic references, [Rittberger 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Kulik, C. C. bibliographic references [Kulik 1991]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Kulik 1998]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Kulik, J. A. bibliographic references [Kulik 1991]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Kulik 1998]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Kumar, P. bibliographic references, [Bharat 1998b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Kumar, Ravi bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Kumar 1999]; [Li 1999] Kuutti, K. bibliographic references, [Kuutti 1998]; [Bieber 1999a] Lamping, J. bibliographic references, [Lamping 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Lancaster, F. W. bibliographic references, [Lancaster 1986]; [Furner 1999] Landauer, Thomas K. bibliographic references, [Furnas 1987]; [Furner 1999] landmarks as annotation mechanism; [Bieber 1999a] as Focus + Context technique; [Mukherjea 1999] Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Mukherjea 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Landow, George P. bibliographic references [Landow 1987]; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1990]; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1992a]; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1992b]; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1995]; [Bernstein 1999] [Landow 1997]; [Kopak 1999] landscape See Also metaphors as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Chalmers 1992] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] hypermedia visualization metaphor [Robertson 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] [Tesler 1992] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] navigable, 3D visualization of the WWW; [Benford 1999] Lange, D. bibliographic references, [Lange 1996]; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] language(s) declarative multimedia, SMIL; [Hardman 1999a] Lanham, R. A bibliographic references, [Lanham 1993]; [Bernstein 1999] Lanphier, Rob bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Larsen, Deena bibliographic references, [Larsen 1998]; [Bernstein 1999] Larson, K. bibliographic references, [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] Larson, R. bibliographic references, [Larson 1996]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Lassila, O. bibliographic references, [Lassila 1999]; [Carr 1999] Latent Semantic Indexing project SMART vs., performance comparison; [Furner 1999] lattices as hypertext structure, [Parunak 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Laurel, Brenda bibliographic references, [Laurel 1991]; [Bernstein 1999] Lawrence, Steve bibliographic references [Giles 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] [Lawrence 1999]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Layaïda, Nabil bibliographic references [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] [Jourdan 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] layered hypermedia information retrieval, as approach to combining statistical IR with semantics; [Tudhope 1999] hypermedia IR [Agosti 1995] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] [Aslandogan 1997] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] [Chiaramella 1996] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] models, Dexter hypertext reference model; [Carr 1999] Layman, Andrew bibliographic references, [Bray 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] layout graph, visualization issues; [Mukherjea 1999] Le Hors, A. bibliographic references, [Raggett 1998]; [Vitali 1999] Le Hors, Arnaud bibliographic references, [Raggett 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] LEADS [Ingram 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as meta-visualization tool, [Ingram 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] learning See Also AI (artificial intelligence) from example, in resource discovery strategies; [Chakrabarti 1999d] legacy documents See Also HTF (hypertext functionality) - for strategies on adding hypermedia to adding hypermedia to; [Anderson 1999b] legal systems permission formats, transcopyright, [KeioPermission 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] versioning importance in; [Vitali 1999] Leggett, John J. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia research directions: an infrastructure perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] bibliographic references [Kacmar 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] [Leggett 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997]; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Kopak 1999] [Nürnberg 1997a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1998]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Schnase 1989]; [Bieber 1999a] [Schnase 1993]; [Wiil 1999c], [Tudhope 1999], [Carr 1999] [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1992]; [Vitali 1999] [Wiil 1992b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1993]; [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Wiil 1996]; [Carr 1999] [Wiil 1996a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997]; [Carr 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Wiil 1997a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999c]; [Lewis 1999] Lelu, A bibliographic references, [Lelu 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] LeMere, M. bibliographic references, [Shipman 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] Lemke, A.G. bibliographic references [Fischer 1991]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] Lengel, R. H. bibliographic references, [Daft 1986]; [Bieber 1999a] Leonard, L. E. bibliographic references, [Leonard 1977]; [Furner 1999] Lesk, Michael E. bibliographic references, [Lesk 1969]; [Furner 1999] levels multiple open MOS middleware service characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] recognition of, in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] Levy, A. Y. bibliographic references [Fernandez 1998]; [Li 1999] [Florescu 1998]; [Li 1999] Lewis, Andy bibliographic references, [Davis 1996]; [Carr 1999] Lewis, Paul H. ACM-CSHT publications, "The significance of linking"; [Lewis 1999] bibliographic references [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Lewis 1996]; [Lewis 1999] [Lewis 2000]; [Vitali 1999a] lexical chaining [Al-Halimi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] automatic link generation use, [Green 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] [Barzilay 1997] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Hirst 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] lexical cohesion and; [Green 1999a] [Morris 1991] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] relationship problems; [Green 1999a] [Stairmand 1997] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] chaining algorithms [Barzilay 1997] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Hirst 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Stairmand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] cohesion, lexical chaining and; [Green 1999a] semantics automatic hypertext construction and; [Green 1999a] information retrieval relationship to; [Green 1999a] performance vs. information retrieval; [Green 1999a] trees, [Al-Halimi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] "Lexical Semantics and Automatic Hypertext Construction"; [Green 1999a] Li, Wen-Syan ACM-CSHT publications, "Integrating content search with structure analysis for hypermedia retrieval and management"; [Li 1999] bibliographic references [Hirata 1997]; [Carr 1999] [Li 1999]; [Li 1999] library cataloging techniques, application to WWW and large hypertexts; [Tudhope 1999] Lidsky, D. bibliographic references, [Lidsky 1999]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Lie, Hakon Wium bibliographic references, [Bos 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] Liebscher, P. bibliographic references, [Liebscher 1994]; [Furner 1999] LIFIA publications; [Rossi 1999] Lilley, Chris bibliographic references, [Bos 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] linear data Focus + Context views of; [Mukherjea 1999] linearity multimedia, interactive modification of; [Hardman 1999a] link(s)/linking See Also hypertext/hypermedia, system types navigation relationships access modification, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] adaptive, dynamic links vs.; [Bodner 1999a] address, content link advantages over; [Nelson 1999k] aggregation, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] alternatives to point-to-point representations; [Carr 1999] analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] Integrating Content Search with Structure Analysis for Hypermedia Retrieval and Management; [Li 1999] annotation, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] associations [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] attributes and classification; [Verbyla 1999] authoring between arbitrary documents, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] between arbitrary documents, [Carr 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] between arbitrary documents, [NCSA 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] between arbitrary documents, [Röscheisen 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] damage to Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal by NCSA Mosaic; [Cailliau 1999] reader role in; [Furner 1999] readers as authors, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] automatic generation of; [Wilkinson 1999] lexical semantics use in; [Green 1999a] techniques for; [Furner 1999] -based analysis, HITS modification, [Dean 1999] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] -based features, in resource discovery classifiers; [Chakrabarti 1999d] based on document attributes, [Parunak 1991] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] document contents, [Hirata 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] runtime environment, [Stotts 1988] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] social network characteristics, [Hill 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] behavior and presentation, excluded from Dexter hypertext reference model; [Carr 1999] behaviorial, XML impact on WWW, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] bi-directional importance of; [Nelson 1999k] as link type; [Davis 1999a] as WWW XML Linking working group goal; [DeRose 1999a] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] broken Distributed Link Service solution for; [Carr 1999] Hyper-G solution for; [Carr 1999] as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] query-based dynamic hypertext minimization of; [Bodner 1999a] as URL deficiency, W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] building between texts, lexcial chaining use for; [Green 1999a] capabilities of; [Kopak 1999] computed, hybrid query/navigation tool use; [Tudhope 1999] connection strength, influence on prominance ranking analysis of social networks; [Kleinberg 1999] as connections between two or more anchors; [Davis 1999a] consistency in creation of, manual construction vs. automatic; [Furner 1999] content how they survive in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] internal structure; [Nelson 1999k] structure preservation in; [Nelson 1999k] why they don't break in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] content-based, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] creation; [Furner 1999] dangling content reference problems vs.; [Davis 1999a] detection and correction; [Davis 1999a] dynamic hypertext solution to; [Wilkinson 1999] lists of, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] versioning solutions for; [Vitali 1999] databases, See linkbases deep context following, as transclusion advantage in huge digital universe; [Nelson 1999k] definition, HTML-based; [Verbyla 1999] as Dexter hypertext component, hypertext component; [Carr 1999] directionality, authorities vs. hubs; [Kleinberg 1999] display mechanics, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] dynamic adaptive links vs.; [Bodner 1999a] hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] in hypertext design models; [Lewis 1999] in open hypermedia systems; [Lewis 1999] WWW mechanisms that simulate; [Bernstein 1999] WWW stateless server barriers; [Bernstein 1999] embedded detection and correction issues; [Davis 1999a] external links advantages over; [DeRose 1999a], [Nelson 1999k] event issues, [Burbules 1998] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] extended groups, in XLink, syntax and semantics; [DeRose 1999a] in XLink, syntax and semantics; [DeRose 1999a] external advantages; [Vitali 1999] document versioning potentials; [Vitali 1999] Intermedia, [Yankelovich 1985] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] XLink support for; [DeRose 1999a] following, Xanadu content link issues; [Nelson 1999k] fragility, as linkbase danger; [Verbyla 1999] functional, in COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] generation consistency study [Furner 1996] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Green 1998] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] generation issues, [Westland 1991] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] generic, content-based navigation use of; [Lewis 1999] history list, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of; [Lewis 1999] HTML, limitations and alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] HTML deficiencies; [DeRose 1999a] HTML link semantics; [Verbyla 1999] human-authored, computed links use with; [Tudhope 1999] hypertext, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] illustration, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] implication, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] implicit adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] in hypertext design models; [Lewis 1999] importance of the, [Landow 1997] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] incoming, lists of, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] inferring, from metadata; [Carr 1999] issues, directionality, authorities vs. hubs; [Kleinberg 1999] in linear multimedia presentations; [Hardman 1999a] among linear multimedia presentations, behavior semantics; [Hardman 1999a] local, as solution to content reference, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] mechanisms, addressing mechanisms distinguished from; [DeRose 1999a] merging time-based presentations with; [Hardman 1999a] minimalist, [Glushko 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] models, COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] multi-ended, XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] multiple-destination, as HTML-link alternative; [Verbyla 1999] navigation, spatial hypertext as alternative to; [Shipman 1999a] navigational, spatial hypertext as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] navigational issues, early discussions of; [Bernstein 1999] normal, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] one-directional, single-ended, as HTML deficiency that XML addresses; [DeRose 1999a] organizational, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] orientation, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] outgoing, lists of, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] overlapping, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] paraphrase, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] point-to-point in the evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] external storage, versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] position tracking, versioning requirement; [Vitali 1999] positional, XML impact on WWW, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] pragmatic, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] proliferation dangers [Conklin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Utting 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] proposition-proposition, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] query as; [Wilkinson 1999] referential integrity issues; [Davis 1999a] referential integrity problem, versioning as solution to problem of; [Vitali 1999] relationship in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] analysis and; [Bieber 1999] between signifier vs. signified role; [Lewis 1999] represenatation role; [Kopak 1999] relationship to hypertext structure [Marshall 1997] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Nürnberg 1997] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Shipman 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Wiil 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] revision, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] rhetorical, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] role of; [Carr 1999] selection compared with index term selection, [Liebscher 1994[ bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] index term selection compared with; [Furner 1999] as versioning issue, [Durand 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as versioning issue, [Hicks 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] semantic in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] spatial hypertext as alternative to; [Shipman 1999a] spatial hypertext as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] [Tudhope 2000] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] separation from documents, XLink WWW standard proposal for; [Carr 1999] servers Intermedia; [Lewis 1999] [Kacmar and Leggett 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Meyrowitz 1989] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Pearl 1989] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Rizk and Sauter 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] services, See linkbases significance of; [Lewis 1999] sorting, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] spatial hypertext as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] conversion issues; [Shipman 1999a] static vs. dynamic, as automatic link generation issue; [Wilkinson 1999] taxonomies; [Kopak 1999] [Baron 1994] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Baron 1996] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Cleary 1996] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Parunak 1991] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] temporal, as reader choice subversion device; [Bernstein 1999] term definition, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] term description; [Bodner 1999a] within time-based hypermedia, SMIL 1.0 recommendations; [Hardman 1999a] topology analysis of"afternoon, a story", [Douglas 1990] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] capturing argumentation structures in, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] in hypertext fiction; [Bernstein 1999] transclusions vs.; [Nelson 1999k] traversal vs. search engines, [Bieber 1998] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] typed, in Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] types; [Kopak 1999] as automatic link generation issue; [Wilkinson 1999] automatic link generation use, [Allen 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] automatic link generation use, [Bernstein 1990] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] automatic link generation use, [Chignell 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Cleary and Bareiss' taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] in the evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] importance for hypertext navigation, [Landow 1987] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] importance, [Landow 1997] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Nanard 1991] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] in PhD dissertation. [Trigg 1983] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] predefined, overhead impact on emergent problem-solving strategies; [DeRose 1999a] [Schnase 1993] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] semantic representation use; [Tudhope 1999] separating from link behavior; [DeRose 1999a] taxonomy, proposal for an empirical derivation of; [Kopak 1999] Trigg's PhD dissertation; [Kopak 1999] visual presentation in gIBIS and Aqaunet maps; [Shipman 1999a] typographically distinguished, as WWW rhetorical device; [Bernstein 1999] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] with external links; [Vitali 1999] [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] word-proposition, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] WWW, implicit structure in; [Kleinberg 1999] XLink, technical overview; [DeRose 1999a] XML; [DeRose 1999a] in XML; [DeRose 1999a] linkbases See Also OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] evolution of; [Carr 1999] generic links use of; [Lewis 1999] hypermedia, standardization of; [Wiil 1999c] Intermedia; [Lewis 1999] [Yankelovich 1985] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Yankelovich 1988] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] as Multicosm source; [Lewis 1999] as OHS characteristic; [Anderson 1999b] as open hypermedia platform HB1; [Carr 1999] HyperBase; [Carr 1999] as open hypermedia system characteristics; [Carr 1999] open hypermedia systems; [Lewis 1999] selection of specific, XLink support for; [DeRose 1999a] SQL augmentation, for WWW searching; [Li 1999] Sun Link Service, [Pearl 1989] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a] XLink extended link groups use; [DeRose 1999a] support of; [DeRose 1999a] Linking Ability characteristics; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as MetaEdit+ tool, as; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1997] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] usability studies; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] linkservices See linkbases lists See Also data structures connection, as Xanadu back end component; [Nelson 1999k] content, as sequential document representation, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] version, as Xanadu back end component; [Nelson 1999k] version, as sequential document representation, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] Literary Machines early editions, [Nelson 1981] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] recent editions, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] literature See Also fiction hypertext, xanalogical structure support for; [Nelson 1999k] literary theory, spatial hypertext contributions; [Shipman 1999a] as persistent documents that maintain idea continuity; [Nelson 1999k] Little, M. bibliographic references, [Ingham 1996]; [Davis 1999a] Loades, S. bibliographic references, [Hill 1997]; [Carr 1999] local links See Also link(s)/linking as solution to content reference problems, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] location See Also context content vs., in generic links; [Lewis 1999] of link anchors embedded; [Davis 1999a] external, in link databasesn; [Davis 1999a] link resource identification by, as deficiency W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] relative, relationship representation by; [Shipman 1999a] step, in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] locator term definition, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] locking versioning vs., in hypermedia authoring environments; [Vitali 1999] logical WWW pages, information units as; [Li 1999] Loia, V. bibliographic references, [Dattolo 1996]; [Vitali 1999] Loo, J. bibliographic references, [Loo 1990]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] lost documents, as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] 'lost in hyperspace' problem as hypermedia user problem; [Mukherjea 1999] [Nielsen 1989] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] [Pitkow 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Lowe, D. bibliographic references, [Lowe 1999]; [Rossi 1999], [Cailliau 1999] LSS (link server systems) hypermedia systems, characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] Lucas, P. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Lukka, Tuomas J. as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Luotonen, A. bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] "Lust" as first short hypertext fiction; [Bernstein 1999] "Lust" as first short hypertext fiction, [Arnold 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Lyangbek, U. bibliographic references, [Nielsen 1989]; [Mukherjea 1999] Lyardet, Fernando ACM-CSHT publications, "Developing hypermedia applications with methods and patterns"; [Rossi 1999] Lynch, Clifford bibliographic references, [Lynch 1997]; [DeRose 1999a], [Verbyla 1999] Lyngbæk, U. bibliographic references, [Nielsen 1990]; [De Bra 1999] Maarek, Y. bibliographic references, [Maarek 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] machine learning overfitting protection algorithms; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Mackie, E bibliographic references, [Fuller 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] Mackinlay, J. D. bibliographic references [Chi 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] [Mackinlay 1991]; [Mukherjea 1999] Macquarie University publications; [Green 1999a] Madsen, Ole L. bibliographic references [Grønbæk 1993]; [Carr 1999] [Grønbæk 1994a]; [Wiil 1999c] Magrini, T. bibliographic references, [Magrini 1995]; [Treloar 1999] Maioli, C. bibliographic references [Maioli 1993]; [Vitali 1999] [Maioli 1994]; [Vitali 1999] Malcolm, Katheryn C. bibliographic references, [Malcolm 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] Maler, Eve bibliographic references, [Maler 1998]; [Lewis 1999] malleability See Also evaluation, criteria flexibility in relationship representation, importance for emergent problem-solving strategies; [Shipman 1999a] of relationships, spatial hypertext support, importance for literary theory; [Shipman 1999a] Mallicoat, Marlene as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Malone, Thomas W. bibliographic references, [Malone 1981]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] "Mama" impact on Ted Nelson; [Nelson 1998d] Manabu, O. bibliographic references, [Manabu 1994]; [Green 1999a] management of relationships hypermedia as science of; [Bieber 1999] hypertext as science of; [Lewis 1999] Mantei, Marilyn bibliographic references, [Kazman 1996]; [Green 1999a] MAPA as 3D visualization of the WWW, [Durand 1998] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as hypertext network visualization, [Durand 1998] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] maps See Also visualization based hypertext systems, document-centered systems vs.; [Shipman 1999a] hypertext, NoteCards; [Shipman 1999a] WWW website MAPA; [Benford 1999] Open Text Web Index; [Benford 1999] Marais, H. bibliographic references, [Silverstein 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Marchionini, Gary bibliographic references, [Marchionini 1995]; [Tudhope 1999] marginal glosses See Also annotation(s) as relationship display mechanism; [Nelson 1999k] Mariolis, P. bibliographic references, [Mizruchi 1986]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Markle, S. M. bibliographic references, [Markle 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Markov Random Fields (MRF) link-based features use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] markup document, separating from format specification; [DeRose 1999a] parallel, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] query, as dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] text, interfaces that integrate querying and browsing; [Bodner 1999a] Marshall, Catherine C. ACM-CSHT publications, "Spatial hypertext: an alternative to navigational and semantic links"; [Shipman 1999a] bibliographic references [Bieber 1998]; [Furner 1999] [Marshall 1989]; [Reich 1999a] [Marshall 1991]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1992]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1993]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1994]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1997]; [Lewis 1999], [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 2000]; [Lewis 1999] Masinter, L bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] Masinter, L. bibliographic references, [Sollins 1994]; [Brailsford 1999] mathematics See Also topology/topological discrete, WWW structure modeling; [Kleinberg 1999] matrix(es) converted distance, similarity measure use; [Furner 1999] Matsushita, Y. bibliographic references, [Shiozawa 1997]; [Benford 1999] Maurer, Hermann A. See Also Hyper-G bibliographic references [Andrews 1995]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Kappe 1993]; [Verbyla 1999] [Maurer 1996]; [Wiil 1999c], [Brailsford 1999], [Cailliau 1999] MAVIS project See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) content-based navigation in non-text media; [Lewis 1999] [Lewis 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] MAVIS-2, association of media-based representation with semantics; [Lewis 1999] Mayer, S. bibliographic references, [Halasz 1994]; [Lewis 1999], [Davis 1999a] Mayes, J. T. bibliographic references, [Mayes 1988]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] McCall R. bibliographic references, [Fischer 1991]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] McCall, R. bibliographic references, [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] McClary, Michael as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] McCracken, Donald bibliographic references [Akscyn 1988]; [Wiil 1999c] [McCracken 1984]; [Hardman 1999a] McGill, M. J. bibliographic references, [Salton 1983]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] McInerny, M. bibliographic references, [Sherman 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] McKelvie, David bibliographic references, [McKelvie 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] McKnight, C. bibliographic references, [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] McNeilly, K. bibliographic references, [McNeilly 1995]; [Treloar 1999] media based representation, association with semantics; [Lewis 1999] items, as time-delimited multimedia presentaion; [Hardman 1999a] non-text, XPointer addressing potential; [DeRose 1999a] referential fluid media [Floating World 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu model; [Nelson 1999k] medical handbook structure importance in hypertext conversion of; [Wilkinson 1999] Medical Subject Headings as thesaurus example, [MeSh 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] Megginson, David bibliographic references, [Cowan 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] Melly, M. bibliographic references, [Melly 1995]; [Vitali 1999] Melucci, M. bibliographic references [Crestani 1998]; [Furner 1999] [Melucci 1999]; [Furner 1999] Memex See Also pioneer projects [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] as hypertext system that used existing research libraries; [Carr 1999] trails, as transclusions; [Nelson 1999k] memory hypertext as aid to, [Kuutti 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] prefetching, reconceptualizing as structure service; [Wiil 1999c] visual, spatial interface advantage; [Shipman 1999a] Mendelzon, A. O. bibliographic references, [Florescu 1998]; [Li 1999] mental model See Also models/modeling hypertext as aid in building [Daft 1986] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [Isakowitz 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) [MeSH 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] message-passing as Microcosm architecture; [Carr 1999] OO (object-oriented) metadata See Also abstractions See Also annotations based retrieval, content-based retrieval vs.; [Lewis 1999] document contents combined with, linking based on; [Carr 1999] in hypertext document understanding; [Reich 1999a] as information access tool; [Tudhope 1999] Semantically Indexed Hypermedia: Linking Information Disciplines; [Tudhope 1999] as user understanding aid; [Bieber 1999a] XLink use; [DeRose 1999a] MetaDoc [Boyle 1994] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] stretchtext use; [De Bra 1999] MetaEdit+ CASE environment, characteristics and components; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] usability studies; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] MetaPHOR (Metamodelling: Principles, Hypertext, Objects, and Repositories) purposes, components, and evaluation; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] metaphors See Also paradigms auditorium, as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Terveen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] bullseye, as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Charriere 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] hypermedia visualization auditorium; [Mukherjea 1999] bullseye; [Mukherjea 1999] landscape; [Mukherjea 1999] landscape as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Chalmers 1992] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Robertson 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] as hypermedia visualization metaphor, [Tesler 1992] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] MetaPHOR, purposes, components, and evaluation; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] 'plug-and-play', open architecture characterized by; [Wiil 1999c] quilting, [Larsen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] visual hypertext maps use; [Bernstein 1999] quilting, [Larsen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Metcalfe, T. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] methodologies elicitation of; [Bieber 1999] experimental, in a link generation consistency study; [Furner 1999] hypermedia design [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Christodoulou 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Garzotto 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Isakowitz 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Lange 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] [Schwabe 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] research, relationship discovery; [Kopak 1999] RNA, components and strategies; [Bieber 1999] Meusel, M. bibliographic references, [Meusel 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] Meyrowitz, Norman K. bibliographic references [Garrett 1986]; [Brailsford 1999] [Haan 1992]; [Lewis 1999] [Meyrowitz 1989]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] [Yankelovich 1985]; [Shipman 1999a] [Yankelovich 1988]; [Shipman 1999a] Microcosm See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) [Fountain 1990] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] as link server hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] link server hypermedia system [Davis et al. 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Davis et al. 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Fountain et al. 1990] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Hall et al. 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] local links, as solution to content reference, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] message passing, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] as open hypermedia system; [Carr 1999] as open hypertext system; [Wilkinson 1999] version support, [Melly 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] versioning concerns, [Melly 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as Web annotation system, [Hall 1996] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] as Web annotation system use, [Hall 1996] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] micropayment See Also Xanadu transcopyright payment system [HyperCoin 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999c] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000a] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] microworlds educational, Exploratories project development of; [van Dam 1999] middleware See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) as inter-application HTF support, [Wiil 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] multiple open services [Bernstein 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] services, types of; [Wiil 1999c] MIDI format retrieval advantages; [Lewis 1999] Millard, D. bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Reich 1999]; [Carr 1999] Miller, G. A. bibliographic references [Beckwith 1991]; [Green 1999a] [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Miller, K. bibliographic references, [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Miller, L. bibliographic references, [Miller 1998]; [Bernstein 1999] Miller, Mark S. See Also Xanadu bibliographic reference and URL, [Miller 1999]; [Nelson 1999k] as co-designer of Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] mindset hypermedia domain relationship analysis role; [Bieber 1999] hypertext functionality role; [Bieber 1999a] Mintz, B. bibliographic references, [Mizruchi 1986]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Mirapaul, M. bibliographic references, [Mirapaul 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] mirror world as hypertext design pattern; [Bernstein 1999] Mizruchi, M. S. bibliographic references, [Mizruchi 1986]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Moats, R. bibliographic references, [Moats 1997]; [DeRose 1999a] Moats, Ryan bibliographic references, [Moats 1997]; [Verbyla 1999] model(s)/modeling See Also HAM (Hypertext Abstract Machine) AHS hypermedia reference model, [De Bra 1999] bibliographic reference; [De Bra 1999] binary relational model of the link, [Ashman 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] computational, universality of, contribution to WWW success; [Kleinberg 1999] COOL link model, link access modification; [Bodner 1999a] Dexter hypertext reference model decomposition of hypertext facilities by; [Carr 1999] in evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] [Halasz 1990] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] implementation issues, [Nürnberg 1997] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] link integrity assumptions, [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] research review, [Grønbæck 1994] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] time not included explicitly, [Halasz 1994] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] discourse, value for automatic link generation; [Wilkinson 1999] document, incorporating time into; [Hardman 1999a] DOM (Document Object Model) selection specifications in; [DeRose 1999a] [Wood 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Wood 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] domain, adaptive hypermedia systems use; [De Bra 1999] HTML deficiencies; [DeRose 1999a] hypertext distinguishing dimensions; [Bodner 1999a] strong authoring; [Bodner 1999a] hypertext design, implicit and dynamic links in; [Lewis 1999] information, XML capabilities; [DeRose 1999a] information modeling tools, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] information space, search and hypertext integration issues; [Wilkinson 1999] link, COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] link service, in Chimera; [Carr 1999] links and time in time-based multimedia document models, [Hardman 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] mental hypertext as aid in building, [Daft 1986] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext as aid in building, [Isakowitz 1993] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] reader, mismatches possible with author model; [Bodner 1999a] referential data, xanalogical structure implementation with; [Nelson 1999k] relationships, alternative to point-to-point links for; [Carr 1999] selections, in XML trees; [DeRose 1999a] semantic, minimalist approach motivations; [Tudhope 1999] UML hypermedia development issues with; [Rossi 1999] [UML 1999] bibliographic reference; [Rossi 1999] user adaptive hypermedia system development of; [De Bra 1999] adaptive hypermedia use; [De Bra 1999] hypertext navigation value; [Wilkinson 1999] link generation based on; [Bodner 1999a] vector space model [Bharat 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Salton 1983] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] version state-based, [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] task-based, [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] WWW page importance, alternatives to citation ranking; [Kleinberg 1999] Xanadu, contrasted to main stream computer science; [Nelson 1999k] x Xanalogical, mechanics and former secrets; [Nelson 1999k] xanalogical structure, status change from trade secret to open source; [Nelson 1999k] XML use for hierarchical data; [DeRose 1999a] modifiability runtime, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] modularity as current hypermedia infrastructure characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] as open architecture characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] Mogensen, Christian bibliographic references, [Röscheisen 1995]; [Verbyla 1999], [Cailliau 1999] Moline, Judi bibliographic references, [Moline 1990]; [Shipman 1999a] Monash University publications, "Applying Hypertext and Hypermedia to Scholarly Journals Enables Both Product and Process Innovation"; [Treloar 1999] monolithic See Also hypertext/hypermedia, categories of hypermedia systems [Akscyn et al. 1988] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] montage See Also patterns as hypertext design pattern; [Bernstein 1999] as"Intergrams" rhetorical device; [Bernstein 1999] Moran, Thomas P. bibliographic references [Halasz 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Hardman 1999a] [Shipman 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] Morch A.I. bibliographic references, [Fischer 1991]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Moreau, L. bibliographic references, [Moreau 1997]; [Reich 1999a] Morgan, William bibliographic references, [Morgan 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] Moricz, M. bibliographic references, [Silverstein 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Morin, N. R. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Morris, J. bibliographic references, [Morris 1991]; [Green 1999a] Morrissey, P. J. bibliographic references, [Smeaton 1995]; [Furner 1999] Morville, L. R. bibliographic references, [Morville 1998]; [Bernstein 1999] MOS (multiple open services) See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) components; [Wiil 1999c] as hypermedia infrastructure research thread; [Wiil 1999c] characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] Motwani, R. bibliographic references, [Brin 1998]; [Li 1999] Moulthrop, Stuart bibliographic references [Moulthrop 1991]; [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] [Moulthrop 1996]; [Bernstein 1999] movies See Also multimedia video editing use of EDL (Edit Decision List), content list compared with; [Nelson 1999k] extended previews and excerpts, as potential transcopyright micropayment niche; [Nelson 1999k] MPEG-7 standard See Also standards/standardization content-based retrieval advantages, [MPEG 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [MPEG 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] MRF (Markov Random Fields) link-based features use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Mukherjea, Sougata ACM-CSHT publications, "Information visualization for hypermedia systems"; [Mukherjea 1999] bibliographic references [Hirata 1997]; [Carr 1999] [Mukherjea 1995a]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Mukherjea 1995b]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Mukherjea 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Mukherjea 2000]; [De Bra 1999] Mullender, K. Sjoerd bibliographic references, [Hardman 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] multi-ended links See Also link(s)/linking one-way links vs.; [DeRose 1999a] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] Multicard See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) as link server hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] link server hypermedia system, [Rizk and Sauter 1992] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] as open hypermedia system; [Carr 1999] [Rizk 1992] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] Multicosm See Also Microcosm OHS (open hypermedia systems [Multicosm 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] multidimensional See Also 2D 3D structures/structural/structuring mapping to 3 1/2D, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] structures, with ZigZag spine, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] multimedia See Also hypertext/hypermedia SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) content-based navigation issues; [Lewis 1999] retrieval issues; [Lewis 1999] data, Microcosm link service for; [Carr 1999] information systems; [Hardman 1999a] [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] [Lewis 2000] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] temporal; [Hardman 1999a] as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] multiple -destination links, as HTML-link alternative; [Verbyla 1999] open services (MOS), See MOS (multiple open services) relationships, simultaneous view, as spatial hypertext hallmark; [Shipman 1999a] Munzner T. bibliographic references, [Munzner 1995]; [Benford 1999] Murray, Janet bibliographic references, [Murray 1997]; [Bernstein 1999] Mylonas, Elli bibliographic references, [DeRose 1990]; [Shipman 1999a] Nürnberg, Peter J. See Also OHS (open hypermedia systems) ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia research directions: an infrastructure perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Nürnberg 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997]; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999], [Kopak 1999] [Nürnberg 1997a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1998]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Nürnberg 1999]; [Shipman 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Schnase 1993]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] [Wiil 1999b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999c]; [Lewis 1999] Nakayama, T. bibliographic references, [Smoliar 1996]; [Lewis 1999] naming/namespace See Also address(es)/addressing access in XPath, [Bray 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] consistency issues; [Furner 1999] [Furnal 1987] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] domain-naming systems, Internet difficulties with; [Nelson 1999k] global persistent name service, as broken link prevention strategy, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] Nanard, Jocelyn bibliographic references, [Nanard 1991]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] Nanard, Marc bibliographic references, [Nanard 1991]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] Nanba, K. bibliographic references, [Tanaka 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Narcissus [Hendley 1995] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] as information exploration system; [Mukherjea 1999] Narin, F. bibliographic references, [Pinski 1976]; [Kleinberg 1999] narrative See Also fiction complex, importance of cycles in; [Bernstein 1999] patterns, in hypertext; [Bernstein 1999] short, structural complexity importance in; [Bernstein 1999] Natto [Shiozawa 1997] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] natural language techniques See Also AI (artificial intelligence) as link discovery technique, [Allen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] navigation See Also access mechanisms browsing fisheye views link(s)/linking paths tours trails views visualization adaptive, adaptive hypermedia system support for; [De Bra 1999] Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework; [De Bra 1999] behaviors that constitute; [Bieber 1999a] construct design, OOHDM use; [Rossi 1999] content-based; [Lewis 1999] in non-text retrieval; [Lewis 1999] disorientation, as hypermedia user problem; [Mukherjea 1999] distinguished from relationship specification, in link specification; [Verbyla 1999] domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] hypertext, added value for computer applications; [Bieber 1999a] of information spaces; [Bieber 1999] Information Visualization for Hypermedia Systems; [Mukherjea 1999] intelligent, semantic index suppport of; [Tudhope 1999] issues, in defining a link specification; [Verbyla 1999] as link role; [Carr 1999] link traversal vs. search engines, in WWW information seeking; [Furner 1999] links, spatial hypertext as alternative to; [Shipman 1999a] links role in, early discussions of; [Bernstein 1999] mechanisms, as WWW scholarly publishing enhancement; [Treloar 1999] Navigational View Builder, [Mukherjea 1995] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] problem, end of; [Bernstein 1999] process enactment as; [Bieber 1999a] prohibition, as broken link prevention strategy; [Davis 1999a] query-based, semantically indexed hypermedia links use for; [Tudhope 1999] relationship analysis and; [Bieber 1999] retrieval vs.; [Lewis 1999] in information handling; [Lewis 1999] SC importance for; [Wiil 1999c] searching vs.; [Wilkinson 1999] spatial, 3D visualization of the WWW; [Benford 1999] spatial hypertext, as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] in spatial hypertext vs. link-based hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] spiky pattern; [Bodner 1999a] within trees, extended pointer use; [DeRose 1999a] typographically distinguished links as breadcrumbs, in WWW; [Bernstein 1999] user trails as mechanism for; [Reich 1999a] Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems; [Reich 1999a] Navigational View Builder as information exploration system; [Mukherjea 1999] NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) See Also browsers [NCSA 1995] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] XMosaic, damage to Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] NEC Corporation. [NEC 1999] bibliographic reference; [Li 1999] negative impact on navigation, as link proliferation danger; [Bernstein 1999] negotiations See Also argumentation CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work) design, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] neighborhood See Also context spatial hypertext Focus + Context views of; [Mukherjea 1999] links, spatial hypertext use of; [Shipman 1999a] Nelson, Theodor Holm See Also Xanadu ACM-CSHT publications "The unfinished revolution and Xanadu"; [Nelson 1998d] "Xanalogical structure, needed now more than ever: parallel documents, deep links to content, deep versioning, and deep re-use"; [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic references and URLs [Nelson 1965]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1967]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nelson 1972]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1976]; [Bernstein 1999] [Nelson 1980]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1981]; [Lewis 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1982]; [Bernstein 1999] [Nelson 1984]; [Shipman 1999a] [Nelson 1986]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1987]; [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a], [Vitali 1999], [Brailsford 1999], [Vitali 1999a], [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1988]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999], [Brailsford 1999] [Nelson 1990]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1994]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1995]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1996]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997a]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997b]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997c]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1998]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1998a]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1998b]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1998c]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999a]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999b]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999c]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999e]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999f]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999g]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999h]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999i]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999j]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999k]; [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Nelson 2000]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000a]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000b]; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000c]; [Nelson 1999k] educational aspirations; [van Dam 1999] impact on Exploratories project; [van Dam 1999] as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Neptune software engineering hypertext support, [Delisle 1986] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] nested anchors See Also as potential consequence of separation of links and documents; [Verbyla 1999] NetPlaza search engine topic distillation use; [Li 1999] networks/networked See Also distributed hypertext versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] visualization advances; [Shipman 1999a] network effect, (footnote), [Whitehead 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] social See Also ecologies analysis; [Chakrabarti 1999d] analysis strategies, as WWW structure analysis tool; [Kleinberg 1999] hubs, authorities, and communities, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] linking based on; [Carr 1999] prominance ranking analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] representation, by hubs/authority relationship weighting; [Kleinberg 1999] theory; [Chakrabarti 1999d] topic distillation use for identifying; [Li 1999] trail making; [Reich 1999a] types of; [Chakrabarti 1999d] systems evolution of Dexter implementations from monolithic systems to; [Carr 1999] interoperable independent open hypermedia systems; [Carr 1999] Neuendorfer, T. bibliographic references, [Sherman 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] Neuwirth Christine M. bibliographic references, [Haake 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Newby, G. B. bibliographic references, [Peek 1996]; [Treloar 1999] next operation as browser link supplement supported by NeXTStep browser; [Cailliau 1999] NeXTStep browser author/authoring support, for Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] next and previous operation support; [Cailliau 1999] Nielsen, H. F. bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Nielsen, Jacob bibliographic references [Nielsen 1989]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Nielsen 1990]; [De Bra 1999], [Bodner 1999a], [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Nielsen 1995]; [Reich 1999a] Nishikawa, N. bibliographic references, [Tanaka 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] NLS See Augment/NLS NN (nearest neighbor) as feature classifier, resource discovery use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] node(s) See Also content(s) link(s)/linking composite, trails relationship to; [Reich 1999a] as Dexter hypertext reference model, hypertext component; [Carr 1999] importance, strategies for determining, impact on WWW structure analaysis; [Kleinberg 1999] node-tests, in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] selecting, extended pointer use; [DeRose 1999a] sets, XPath creation of; [DeRose 1999a] types as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] visual presentation in gIBIS and Aqaunet maps; [Shipman 1999a] typing, contrasted with link typing; [Kopak 1999] node-link graph visualization of the WWW [Hendley 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] [Shiozawa 1997] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] Noll, J. bibliographic references [Noll 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] [Noll 1999]; [Bieber 1999a] non-linear See Also multidimensional multimedia presenations, requirements for; [Hardman 1999a] non-node See Also node(s) document components, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] specification, in XPointer; [DeRose 1999a] non-numerical algorithms information retrieval use; [Kleinberg 1999] non-sequential access hypertext as; [Lewis 1999] non-text media content-based navigation issues; [Lewis 1999] XPointer addressing potential; [DeRose 1999a] non-text multimedia content-based retrieval issues; [Lewis 1999] Nordhausen, Bernd bibliographic references, [Chignell 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] normal links, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] notation non-text information, multimedia reduction of need for, in WWW-based scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] NoteCards See Also pioneer projects hypertext maps, [Halasz 1987] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] link traversal behavior, [Halasz 1987] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] notification control See Also OHS (open hypermedia services) as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] novices tours use by; [Reich 1999a] NP-hard graph layout optimization; [Mukherjea 1999] objects as multiple open services core hypermedia service; [Wiil 1999c] occlusion as 3D visualization issue; [Benford 1999] Narcissus handling of; [Benford 1999] occurance relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) Library of Congress service PURL server, broken link prevention; [Davis 1999a] Odenthal, G. bibliographic references, [Odenthal 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] OHP (Open Hypermedia Protocol) [Davis 1996] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] as universal protocol for hypertext services; [Carr 1999] OHS (open hypermedia systems) See Also CB-OHS (component-based open hypermedia systems) Devise HyperMedia system HOSS Hyper-G HyperDisco linkbases Microcosm Multicard Multicosm [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] current hypermedia infrastructure characteristic, a; [Wiil 1999c] [Davis 1998] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] Devise HyperMedia system support for; [Carr 1999] dynamic link value in; [Wilkinson 1999] extenal relationship management as key component of; [Anderson 1999b] history of; [Carr 1999] Hyper-G; [Wilkinson 1999] inter-application HTF support; [Bieber 1999a] [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [Nürnberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [WHitehead 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] lack of, as weakness of early hypertext support of software engineering; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] large-scale software engineering project use, [Østerbye 1996] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] link characteristics in; [Lewis 1999] Microcosm; [Carr 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] Multicard; [Carr 1999] [OHS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] research [Wiil 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1996b] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] software engineering support by; [Anderson 1999b] spatial hypertext challenges for; [Shipman 1999a] third-party application integration as key component of; [Anderson 1999b] Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems; [Reich 1999a] WWW impact on; [Wiil 1999c] WWW research, [Carr et al. 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] and WWW research, [Grønbæk et al. 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] WWW research and, [Anderson 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Oinas-Kukkonen, Harri ACM-CSHT publications "Flexible CASE and hypertext"; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] "Hypertext functionality"; [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic references [Ashman 1997]; [Bodner 1999a], [Wilkinson 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Bieber 1997]; [Reich 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997b]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1999]; [Vitali 1999a] [Bieber 1999a]; [Anderson 1999b] [Kerola 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1995]; [Bieber 1999a] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1996]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1997]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Oinas-Kukkonen 1998]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Oinas-Kukkonen 2000]; [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999a] Okamura, Y. bibliographic references, [Hirata 1997]; [Carr 1999] Oliver, W. bibliographic references, [Dewan 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] Olsen, K. A. bibliographic references, [Olsen 1993]; [Benford 1999] one-to-many links as XML impact on WWW, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials as early hypertext electronic journal; [Treloar 1999] ontological representation, of link relationship set, as research goal; [Kopak 1999] ontology See Also semantics description logic, similarity relationship research issues; [Tudhope 1999] of relationships, domain relationship analysis role; [Bieber 1999] OOHDM (Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method) See Also design patterns applicability to the WWW; [Rossi 1999] hypermedia development use; [Rossi 1999] Ookubo, Kiyoki as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] open architecture, as multiple open services environment characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] hypermedia, See OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) services, as multiple open services environment characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] source, Xanadu release as; [Nelson 1999k] Open Directory Project directory-based topic browsing at; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Open Text Web Index as 3D visualization of the WWW, [Bray 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] OpenGL multidimensional mapping to 3 1/2D with, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] operating systems See Also HMOS (hypermedia operating system) structures/structuring structure-aware, SC support of; [Wiil 1999c] Oratrix GRiNS editor, SMIL 1.0 support by; [Hardman 1999a] [Oratrix 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] Orbæk P. bibliographic references, [Grønbæk 1999]; [Carr 1999] Orchard, David bibliographic references, [DeRose 1999]; [Carr 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999] ordering relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] organization/organizational See Also CSCW effectiveness See Also Engelbart, Douglas C. HTF support for; [Bieber 1999a] links, document syntax representation; [Kopak 1999] memory, hypertext as aid to, [Kuutti 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] performance improvement strategies; [Engelbart 1998] software engineering, hypertext support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] structure analysis, integrating content search with; [Li 1999] orientation links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] origin beams in transpointing windows; [Nelson 1999k] orthogonality See Also dimensions as open MOS middleware service characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] possibilities, in external relationship linkbases; [Anderson 1999b] Østerbye, Kasper bibliographic references [Østerbye 1992]; [Vitali 1999] [Østerbye 1995]; [Anderson 1999b] [Østerbye 1996]; [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Wiil 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] OSMIC (Open Standard for Media InterConnection) See Also standards/standardization [Nelson 1996] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999b] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999f] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999g] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999h] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] osmic97 Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] Ostwald, J. bibliographic references, [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] Otlet, Paul early manual hypermedia system; [Treloar 1999] oulier filtering as topic distillation technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] out-degree as crawler parameter, in path exploration strategy determination; [Li 1999] over-completeness as query-based dynamic hypertext disadvantage; [Bodner 1999a] overfitting See Also search(ing) as boolean search drawback; [Chakrabarti 1999d] overhead impact on emergent problem-solving strategies; [Shipman 1999a] overlapping content links display issues; [Nelson 1999k] in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] link anchors, as linkbase advantage; [Verbyla 1999] spans, 2D enfilade use for searching, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] text, support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] overlaying of read-only documents, as linkbase advantage; [Verbyla 1999] overview diagrams See Also structures/structuring visualization as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] as navigation aid; [Mukherjea 1999] [Utting 1989] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] visualization issues; [Mukherjea 1999] Paepcke, A. bibliographic references, [Cousins 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] Page, Lawrence bibliographic references [Brin 1998]; [Kleinberg 1999], [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Page 1998]; [Li 1999] page(s) authoritative, term description; [Li 1999] fanout, as query ranking measure; [Li 1999] hub, term description; [Li 1999] PageRank as topic distillation technique, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Palimpsest versioning solutions, [Durand 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Pam, Andrew as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Pandya, Ravi as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Paoli, Jean bibliographic references, [Bray 1998]; [Shipman 1999a], [Anderson 1999b], [Hardman 1999a] Paolini, Paulo bibliographic references [Garzotto 1991]; [Lewis 1999] [Garzotto 1993]; [Rossi 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Papatheodourou, T. bibliographic references, [Christodoulou 1998]; [Bieber 1999] Papert, Seymour educational aspirations; [van Dam 1999] paradigms single world-view, escape from[Nelson 1967] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Xanadu, contrasted to main stream computer science; [Nelson 1999k] parallel See Also distributed documents, transpointing windows as a visualization for; [Nelson 1999k] markup, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] publishing; [Treloar 1999] parameter(s) See Also attributes relationships, in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] paraphrase links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] parsing spatial, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] part-whole See Also relationships as relation type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] part/kind of See Also relationships as semantic link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Parunak, H. van Dyke bibliographic references [Parunak 1989]; [Bodner 1999a], [Bernstein 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Parunak 1991]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Kopak 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Parunak 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] Pask,G. bibliographic references, [Pask 1976]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] path(s) See Also navigation tours trails exploration strategies, for WWW crawlers; [Li 1999] expressions, augmenting SQL with, for WWW searching; [Li 1999] history, back and forward operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] through hypertext, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] as hypertext navigation mechanism; [Reich 1999a] multiple, external link advantages; [Vitali 1999] [Shipman 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] traversal, recommendations of, as WWW search tool; [Li 1999] [Zellweger 1989] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] pattern(s) See Also design patterns form structure design, hypertext; [Bernstein 1999] hypermedia development use; [Rossi 1999] matching, as link discovery technique, [Allen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] narrative, in hypertext; [Bernstein 1999] recognition, spatial interface advantage; [Shipman 1999a] spatial, recognition of, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] structural, hypertext rhetoric and; [Bernstein 1999] user access, Web path identification use; [Li 1999] WWW search engine crawling strategy use of; [Li 1999] Paul Otlet's early manual hypermedia system, [Rayward 1997 bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] PDF (Portable Document Format) [PDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Brailsford 1999] Pearl, Amy bibliographic references, [Pearl 1989]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] pedagogical hypertext, navigation innovations; [Bernstein 1999] Peek, R. bibliographic references, [Peek 1996]; [Treloar 1999] peer review process in scholarly publishing, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] Pemberton, Steven bibliographic references, [Pemberton 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] perceptual reasoning, cognitive reasoning vs., information visualization impact; [Mukherjea 1999] structures, manipulation of, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] performance See Also evaluation, criteria automatic link creation techniques, comparison of; [Furner 1999] lexcial chaining; [Green 1999a] organization, improvement strategies; [Engelbart 1998] transcopyright caching issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] Perlman, Gary bibliographic references, [Perlman 1989]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] personalization See Also annotation(s) need for, adaptive and dynamic hypertext address of; [Bodner 1999a] reader, precluded by strong-authoring hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] perspective walls as Focus + Context technique; [Mukherjea 1999] [Mackinlay 1991] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] Pesin, L. bibliographic references, [Brusilovsky 1998b]; [De Bra 1999] Petri net hypertext structure, [Stotts 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] philosophical/philosophy analysis, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] of hypermedia design; [Bieber 1999] of maximum access, domain relationship analysis support of; [Bieber 1999] Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] Pickering, A. bibliographic references, [Davis 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] PIE [Goldstein 1984] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Pier, K. bibliographic references, [Cousins 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] Pikrakis, A. bibliographic references [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Pikrakis 1998]; [Reich 1999a] Pilant, M. S. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Pinski, G. bibliographic references, [Pinski 1976]; [Kleinberg 1999] pioneer projects, See Augment/NLS FRESS gIBIS Guide HAM HES HyperCard KMS Memex NLS NoteCards WE Xanadu pioneers, See Bush, Vannevar Engelbart, Douglas Nelson, Theodor Holm van Dam, Andries Pirolli, P. bibliographic references [Chi 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] [Lamping 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] [Pirolli 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Pitkow 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] Pitkow J. bibliographic references, [Chi 1998]; [Benford 1999] Pitkow, J. bibliographic references [Pirolli 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Pitkow 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Li 1999] [Pitkow 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] Plaisant, C. bibliographic references, [Furuta 1989]; [Wilkinson 1999] platform-independence as open MOS middleware service characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] Platt, J. bibliographic references, [Dumais 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] 'plug-and-play' metaphor See Also metaphors open architecture characterized by; [Wiil 1999c] Pohl K. bibliographic references, [Jarke et al. 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] point-of-view See Also context multiple, external link advantages; [Vitali 1999] pointers See Also link(s)/linkiing extended, XPointer based on; [DeRose 1999a] pointing syntax, Xpointer and Xpath; [DeRose 1999a] ranges and points, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] reference, in Xanadu content lists, editing operations use of; [Nelson 1999k] political copyright issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] praxis of hypertext, [Greco 1996] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Pollard, R. bibliographic references, [Pollard 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] Pollermann, B. bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1992]; [Carr 1999] Pollitt, A. bibliographic references, [Pollitt 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Poltrock, Stephen E. bibliographic references, [Malcolm 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] polysemy See Also IR (information retrieval) as query-based dynamic hypertext problem; [Bodner 1999a] similarity relationship problems with; [Green 1999a] as WWW information retrieval problem; [Chakrabarti 1999d] populist hypertext, WWW as; [Kleinberg 1999] portability as prime goal of Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] portals generic, limitations of for WWW searching; [Chakrabarti 1999d] portholes advantages over generic portals, in WWW searching; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Portinari bibliographic references, [Portinari 1999]; [Rossi 1999] position/positional links, XML impact on WWW, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] tracking, versioning requirement; [Vitali 1999] postmodern literary theory, parallels with hypertext link topologies, [Landow 1992a] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] pragmatic links, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] precision information access, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] predicates in XPath syntax; [DeRose 1999a] preferences user adaptive hypermedia models of; [De Bra 1999] hypertext navigation value; [Wilkinson 1999] prefetching as structure service, [Nürnberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] in memory management, reconceptualizing as structure service; [Wiil 1999c] prerequisite relationships, in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] presentation adaptive; [De Bra 1999] adaptive hypermedia system support for; [De Bra 1999] link, excluded from Dexter hypertext reference model; [Carr 1999] Pressman, R. bibliographic references, [Pressman 1998]; [Rossi 1999] prevention of broken links, global persistent names use for, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] of content reference problems; [Davis 1999a] Price, M. N., bibliographic references, [Price 1998]; [Furner 1999] priming focused crawlers; [Chakrabarti 1999d] privacy as collaborative trail use issue; [Reich 1999a] in trail-making; [Reich 1999a] Probets, Steve G. bibliographic references, [Brailsford 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] problem descriptions, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] -solving emergent strategies, overhead impact of predefined link types on; [DeRose 1999a] emergent strategies, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] process(es) educational software development, understanding of as key Exploratories project goal; [van Dam 1999] enactment, as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] innovation, as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] innovation in scholarly journals, hypertext applications, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] and product innovation in WWW scholarly publishing, [Utterback 1994] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] work hypertext value-added features, [Noll 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext value-added features, [Noll 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] product innovation, as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] innovation in scholarly journals, hypertext applications, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] profile user, COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] programming as example of transclusion value for preservation of context; [Nelson 1999k] project(s) large-scale, management issues, [Anderson 1999b] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] management, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] software engineering, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] projects (hypertext-related) See Devise HyperMedia system Xanadu See Also pioneer projects prominence as defining characteristic of authorities; [Kleinberg 1999] ranking analysis of social networks, [Hubbell 1965] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] of social networks, [Katz 1953] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] of social networks, [Wasserman 1994] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] as ranking factor, in scientific journal citation analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] property rights intellectual, Xanadu support for; [Nelson 1999k] "Proposal for a Taxonomy of Functional Link Types"; [Kopak 1999] proposition-proposition links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] protocol generalized xanalogical, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] PROXHY as link server hypermedia system; [Wiil 1999c] link server hypermedia system, [Kacmar and Leggett 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] proximity See Also context spatial hypertext links, spatial hypertext use of; [Shipman 1999a] searches, in XML documents; [Li 1999] spatial, relationship representation by; [Shipman 1999a] proxy servers as HTML deficiencies workaround; [DeRose 1999a] publishing See Also electronic publishing scholarly, review process, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] as solution to content reference problems; [Davis 1999a] pullacross editing See Also Xanadu with transpointing windows; [Nelson 1999k] PURL server of OCLC, broken link prevention; [Davis 1999a] Puttress, J. J. bibliographic references, [Puttress 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] PYXI front end as open source version of xu99; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing window implementation; [Nelson 1999k] QAR (Question-Answer-aRgument) design rationale method, Debate Browser use; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Quentin-Baxter, Megan bibliographic references [Quentin-Baxter 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Quentin-Baxter 1997]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Quentin-Baxter 1998]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Quentin-Baxter 2000]; [De Bra 1999] query(s) See Also browsing IR (information retrieval) search based dynamic linking; [Bodner 1999a] based graphic construction in HITS, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] browsing combined with, spiky navigation pattern resulting from; [Bodner 1999a] browsing integration with, in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] dynamic, in WebPath; [Benford 1999] dynamic hypertext use, querying and linking issues; [Bodner 1999a] formation tools, large hypertext access need for; [Tudhope 1999] formulation consistency issues, [Bates 1986] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] imprecise, transitive relationship reasoning as aid for; [Tudhope 1999] interoperability, SQL support of; [Carr 1999] link attribute, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as navigation tool, [Tudhope 1994] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] ranking, document relationships use; [Li 1999] ranking of, topic distillation algorithm use; [Li 1999] to the semantic index space, as navigation mechanism; [Tudhope 1999] space, organizing, WWW; [Li 1999] strategies in a semantic index space, [Pollitt 1997] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] user interface between browsing and, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] Quibeldey-Cirkel, K. bibliographic references, [Odenthal 1997]; [Anderson 1999b] quilting See Also metaphors as visual metaphor in hypertext fiction; [Bernstein 1999] [Larsen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] quotations See Also transclusion as relationship display mechanism; [Nelson 1999k] transclusion preservation of context for; [Nelson 1999k] Röscheisen, Martin bibliographic references, [Röscheisen 1995]; [Verbyla 1999], [Cailliau 1999] Rada, R. bibliographic references, [Rada 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] Raggett, David bibliographic references, [Raggett 1998]; [Hardman 1999a], [Vitali 1999] Raghavan, Prabhakar bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Gibson 1998]; [Li 1999], [Shipman 1999a] Rajagopalan, S. bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1998b]; [Li 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] range(s) points and, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] specification, in XPointer; [DeRose 1999a] ranking See Also IR (information retrieval) factors, in scientific journal citation analysis, reputation role; [Kleinberg 1999] query document relationships use; [Li 1999] WWW information unit use; [Li 1999] Rao, R. bibliographic references [Lamping 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] [Pirolli 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Rao 1994]; [Mukherjea 1999] Rasmussen, J. bibliographic references, [Vincente 1990]; [Mukherjea 1999] Rau, A. bibliographic references, [Rau 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] Rayward, W. B. bibliographic references, [Rayward 1997]; [Treloar 1999] RDF (Resource Description Framework) [Lassila 1999] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] linking strategies based on, [Lassila 1999] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] [RDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999], [Brailsford 1999] semantic tagging facilitation, [RDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] semantically-based retrieval role, [RDF 1999] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] read-only documents See Also HTF (hypertext functionality) - for strategies on adding hypermedia to adding hypermedia to; [Anderson 1999b] broken link correction issues; [Davis 1999a] media, external link advantages, advantages; [Vitali 1999] readers/reading See Also authors/authoring divergent experiences in reading the same hypertexts; [Bernstein 1999] as gatherer, traversal styles, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] HTML link reference impact; [DeRose 1999a] as link authors, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] passive browsing role, in strong-authoring hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] personalization, precluded by strong-authoring hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] RealNetworks G2 player, SMIL 1.0 support by; [Hardman 1999a] RealSystem G2 bibliographic references, [RealNetworks 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] realtime coordinating dynamic content generation with hypertext support, [Ashman 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] reasoning See Also AI (artificial intelligence) argumentation automated/automatic, as minimalist semantic modeling motivation; [Tudhope 1999] cognitive vs. perceptual reasoning, information visualization impact; [Mukherjea 1999] perceptual, information visualization impact on; [Mukherjea 1999] "Recent Results in Automatic Web Resource Discovery"; [Chakrabarti 1999d] recognition See Also patterns pattern, spatial interface advantage; [Shipman 1999a] recommender systems See Also AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) [Resnick 1997] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] trails as; [Reich 1999a] recovery error, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] recurrences See Also patterns as hypertext rhetorical device [Bernstein 1992] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Harpold 1991] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] in hypertext structure comprehension, importance for comprehension; [Bernstein 1999] time and, in hypertext fiction, [Joyce 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] redirection as broken link solution, [Ingham 1996] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] Reed, K. bibliographic references, [Cybulski 1992]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] reference/referential See Also content dangling links vs.; [Davis 1999a] link relationship to; [Davis 1999a] data model, xanalogical structure implementation with; [Nelson 1999k] integrity links; [Davis 1999a] links, [Davis 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] links, [Davis 2000] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] links, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] Xanalogical storage issues, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] XPaths and; [DeRose 1999a] links, HTML expression; [Verbyla 1999] models, adaptive hypermedia; [De Bra 1999] pointers, in Xanadu content lists, editing operations use of; [Nelson 1999k] Reich, Siegfried ACM-CSHT publications, "Where have you been from here? Trails in hypertext systems"; [Reich 1999a] bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Reich 1999]; [Carr 1999] Reid, Brian bibliographic references, [Reid 1981]; [DeRose 1999a] Reingold, E. M. bibliographic references, [Fruchterman 1991]; [Benford 1999] relational model of the link, [Ashman 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] relationship(s) See Also link(s)/linking ambiguity, spatial hypertext representation of; [Shipman 1999a] analysis; [Bieber 1999] of applications, [Bieber 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] tools and methods for; [Bieber 1999] analysis of, hypertext as aid to, [Bieber 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] application-related, design issues; [Bieber 1999] association link representation, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] automatic determination of, issues that demand; [Wilkinson 1999] case, as relation type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] co-citation, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] in concepts, in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] connectivity, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] definable, as hypertext applicability criteria; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] among design components, hypertext modeling of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] domain, need for analysis methodologies; [Bieber 1999] element theory; [Kopak 1999] emergent, support need in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] equivalence, semantic index navigation use; [Tudhope 1999] functional, as discursive moves, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] hypertext, information retrieval relationships vs.; [Lewis 1999] hypertext as science of; [Lewis 1999] identity, similarity relations defined by; [Green 1999a] implicit forms of; [Anderson 1999b] support need in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] lexical cohesive; [Green 1999a] link in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] definition of; [Lewis 1999] role in representation of; [Kopak 1999] linking, simulation with attractive-repulsive forces; [Benford 1999] management hypermedia as science of; [Bieber 1999] in software engineering, open hypermedia support of; [Anderson 1999b] management of, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] modeling, alternative to point-to-point links for; [Carr 1999] multiple, simultaneous view, as spatial hypertext hallmark; [Shipman 1999a] as multiple open services core hypermedia service; [Wiil 1999c] prerequisite, in adaptive hypermedia domain model; [De Bra 1999] relation element theory [Chaffin 1984] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Chaffin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] representation of ambiguity, in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] of hubs and authorities; [Kleinberg 1999] as hypertext applicability criteria; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] as link type role, more important than preview role; [Kopak 1999] semantic as common element in thesauri and semantic indexes; [Tudhope 1999] intra-document link representation of; [Furner 1999] similarity, automatic link generation use; [Wilkinson 1999] variation in views on; [Furner 1999] similarity identity relation use; [Green 1999a] in lexical semantics and information retrieval; [Green 1999a] static links creation from; [Wilkinson 1999] social filtering, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] among software engineering artifacts, implicit and explicit, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] between source and destination, as semantics of a link; [Verbyla 1999] spatial advantages over directed graphs; [Shipman 1999a] dynamic guided tour use of; [Tudhope 1999] taxonomy; [Bieber 1999] domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] temporal, dynamic guided tour use of; [Tudhope 1999] term description, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] thesaurus, classification system use; [Tudhope 1999] transient, support need in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] transitive, reasoning over, as imprecise query tool; [Tudhope 1999] transitivity, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] variations, spatial recognition of; [Shipman 1999a] relaxation HyperClass iterative relaxation algorithm, circularity resolution by, [Chakrabarti 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] relevance See Also context IR (information retrieval) estimation consistency issues; [Furner 1999] [Lesk 1969] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] feedback, examples importance for; [Chakrabarti 1999d] -ranking, Google vs., [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as relationship type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] reliability transcopyright caching issues and solutions; [Nelson 1999k] rendering semantics, XML issues; [DeRose 1999a] Renear, Allen H. bibliographic references [Coombs 1987]; [Shipman 1999a] [DeRose 1990]; [Shipman 1999a] reorganization transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] representation of ambiguity and proximity, as open hypermedia research challenge; [Shipman 1999a] of concepts and relationships, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] content vs. concepts; [Lewis 1999] of dependencies, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] document, synset use, [Green 1999] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] of document syntax, organizational link use; [Kopak 1999] of domain semantics, as hypermedia research goal; [Tudhope 1999] hypertext links, in Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] of information, in software engineering; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] of interpretation, flexibility importance, spatial hypertext role; [Shipman 1999a] of link specification, review of alternatives, [Ashman 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] of linking relationships, simulation with attractive-repulsive forces; [Benford 1999] of links, link integrity issues, [Davis 1995] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] ontological, of link relationship set, as research goal; [Kopak 1999] of relationship, between hubs and authorities; [Kleinberg 1999] of relationships electronic advantages over paper; [Nelson 1999k] link role in; [Kopak 1999] as link type role, more important than preview role; [Kopak 1999] of semantic relationship, by intra-document links; [Furner 1999] of social networks, by hubs/authority relationship weighting; [Kleinberg 1999] structure, structural computing characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] Xanadu back end; [Nelson 1999k] reputation as ranking factor, in scientific journal citation analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] requirements traceability, Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] research directions, infrastructure perspective, [Wiil 2000] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Resnick, P. bibliographic references, [Resnick 1997]; [Reich 1999a] resources discovery automatic, in WWW information retrieval; [Chakrabarti 1999d] learning from example; [Chakrabarti 1999d] identifying, HTML link issues; [DeRose 1999a] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] Retallack, D. S. bibliographic references, [Bieber 1998]; [Furner 1999] retrieval See Also IR (information retrieval) content-based vs. metadata retrieval; [Lewis 1999] metadata-based vs. content-based retrieval; [Lewis 1999] navigation vs., as hypertext vs. IR differentiator; [Lewis 1999] reuse importance in WWW development; [Rossi 1999] of media content, with permanent addresses, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] publication, transcopyright advantages for; [Nelson 1999k] transclusions as mechanism for; [Nelson 1999k] visible, transclusion as; [Nelson 1999k] review(s) as example of transclusion value for preservation of context; [Nelson 1999k] link referential integrity; [Davis 1999a] process in scholarly publishing, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] spatial hypertext, [Shipman 2000] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] structural computing, [Wiil 1999c] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] versioning; [Vitali 1999] revision control, versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Reynard, G. T. bibliographic references [Benford 1996]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1997]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] Reynard, Gail ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] Reynolds, Louis R. bibliographic references, [Reynolds 1992]; [Shipman 1999a] rhetoric hypertext structural patterns and; [Bernstein 1999] term description; [Bernstein 1999] rhetorical links, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] significance, as relationship type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] RHYTHM versioning solutions, [Maioli 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Richard, Bill as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Ridgway, Jonathan V. E. as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Riley, D. bibliographic references, [Hutchings 1992]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Riley, V. bibliographic references, [Haan 1992]; [Lewis 1999] ring buffers as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Rittberger, M., bibliographic references, [Rittberger 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Rivlin, E. bibliographic references [Botafogo 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Rivlin 1994]; [Wilkinson 1999] Rizk, Antoine bibliographic references [Davis 1996]; [Carr 1999] [Rizk 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] RNA (Relationship-Navigation Analysis) components and strategies; [Bieber 1999] domain relationship analysis methodology, [Yoo 2000] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999] relationship taxonomy, (figure); [Bieber 1999] Robbins, Daniel bibliographic references, [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] Robertson, G. bibliographic references [Card 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Benford 1999] [Mackinlay 1991]; [Mukherjea 1999] [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] robots broken embedded link detection, [Fielding 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] robustness See Also fail-safety versioning XLink XPath XPointer as focused crawler strength; [Chakrabarti 1999d] lack of, as URL deficiency. W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] of XPath ID attributes; [DeRose 1999a] Rodden, K. bibliographic references, [Chalmers 1998]; [Reich 1999a] Rogers, R.A. bibliographic references [Marshall 1991]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1992]; [Shipman 1999a] Roget's Thesaurus lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] Roisin, C. bibliographic references, [Jourdan 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] role(s) of links, [DeRose 1989] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] term definition, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] Rolland C. bibliographic references, [Jarke et al. 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] root centralized root node management, vs. Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Roseman, M. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Rosenberg, Jim actemes, episodes, and sessions, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] bibliographic references [Rosenberg 1996]; [Reich 1999a], [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] [Rosenberg 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead" as parallel document for"Hamlet"; [Nelson 1999k] Rossi, Gustavo ACM-CSHT publications, "Developing hypermedia applications with methods and patterns"; [Rossi 1999] bibliographic references [Garrido 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] [Rossi 1997]; [Rossi 1999] [Schwabe 1996]; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] Roth, S. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] Roth T. bibliographic references, [Roth 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Rousseau, R. bibliographic references, [Egghe 1990]; [Kleinberg 1999] Rubenstein B. bibliographic references, [Chikofsky 1988]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] rule(s) author-specified, as query-based dynamic hypertext guides; [Bodner 1999a] -based navigation [Arents 1993] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] [Rada 1993] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] semantic index suppport of; [Tudhope 1999] for hypertext representation; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] runtime dynamic links generated at; [Bodner 1999a] environment, linking based on; [Carr 1999] supplementing authored links with dynamically generated links, in dynamic hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] system modification, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] Rutledge, Lloyd ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia: the link with time"; [Hardman 1999a] bibliographic references [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] [Hardman 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Sabry-Ismail, L. bibliographic references, [Jourdan 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] Sacks-Davis, R. bibliographic references, [Fuller 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] Sahami, M. bibliographic references [Dumais 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Koller 1997]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Salton, Gerald bibliographic references [Lesk 1969]; [Furner 1999] [Salton 1983]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Salton 1989]; [Bodner 1999a], [Furner 1999] [Salton 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] "Samplers" quilt visual metaphor use in; [Bernstein 1999] Sánchez, J. A. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] Sanchez, J. A. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1993]; [Carr 1999] Saracevic, T. bibliographic references, [Saracevic 1991]; [Furner 1999] Sarkar, M. bibliographic references, [Sarkar 1994]; [Mukherjea 1999] Sauter, L. bibliographic references, [Rizk 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999] SC (structural computing) See Also structure(s)/structural (footnote); [Kopak 1999] as hypermedia infrastructure research thread; [Wiil 1999c] characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] link-centric view, contrasted with node-centric view, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] [Nürnberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997] bibliographic reference, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] [Nürnberg 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997b] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Shum 1997] bibliographic reference, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] Scacchi, Walt bibliographic references [Garg 1990]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [Noll 1996]; [Bieber 1999a] [Noll 1999]; [Bieber 1999a] scalability as focused crawler strength; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as open hypermedia link service issue; [Carr 1999] scaling 3D visualization, Narcissus mechanism for; [Benford 1999] See Also evaluation, criteria Focus + Context views [Lamping 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] [Munzner 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as human-authored link issue; [Tudhope 1999] as hypertext authoring issue; [Wilkinson 1999] HyperVIS handling; [Benford 1999] Information Garden issues; [Benford 1999] issues, in software engineering projects, [Anderson 199b] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] WWW3D issues; [Benford 1999] Schütt, H. A. bibliographic references [[Schütt 1990]; [Carr 1999] [Schütt and Haake 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] Schaffer, D. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] scheduling time-based multimedia importance; [Hardman 1999a] schemas DTDs as; [DeRose 1999a] Schilit, W. N. bibliographic references, [Price 1998]; [Furner 1999] Schmitt J.-R. bibliographic references, [Jarke et al. 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Schmitz, Patrick bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Schnase, John L. bibliographic references [Leggett 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] [Schnase 1989]; [Bieber 1999a] [Schnase 1992]; [Wiil 1999c] [Schnase 1993]; [Wiil 1999c], [Tudhope 1999], [Carr 1999] [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] Schneider, E. R. bibliographic references [Nürnberg 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] [Nürnberg 1997]; [Kopak 1999] [Nürnberg 1997a]; [Wiil 1999c] scholarly/scholarship See Also argumentation citation analysis, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] communication; [Treloar 1999] concerns, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] as WWW motivation; [Treloar 1999] electronic requirements; [Nelson 1999k] information access, as Trigg PhD dissertation goal; [Kopak 1999] journal, citation analysis methods, [Egghe 1990] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] journals, innovation in, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] publishing electronic journal issues; [Treloar 1999] hypertext applications, [Treloar 2000] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] review process, JIME innovations; [Treloar 1999] Schuler, D. bibliographic references, [Malcolm 1991]; [Wiil 1999c] Schuler, W. bibliographic references, [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] Schütt, H. A. bibliographic references [Schütt 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] Schwabe, Daniel ACM-CSHT publications, "Developing hypermedia applications with methods and patterns"; [Rossi 1999] bibliographic references [Garzotto 1993]; [Rossi 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] [Schwabe 1996]; [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] [Schwabe 1998]; [Rossi 1999] Schwartz, M. bibliographic references, [Mizruchi 1986]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Schwartz, Mayer D. bibliographic references [Delisle 1986]; [Anderson 1999b] [Halasz 1990]; [Carr 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Brailsford 1999] [Halasz 1994]; [Hardman 1999a] Schwarz, E. bibliographic references [Brusilovsky 1996b]; [De Bra 1999] [Brusilovsky 1998a]; [De Bra 1999] scientific See Also scholarly information access, as Trigg PhD dissertation goal; [Kopak 1999] journal, citation analysis methods, [Egghe 1990] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] scope HTML issues; [DeRose 1999a] search engines Clever, topic distillation use; [Li 1999] Clever, topic distillation use, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Google, topic distillation use; [Li 1999] Google, influence weight balancing strategies, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] Google, topic distillation technique, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as information filtering mechanism; [Mukherjea 1999] link traversal vs., in WWW information seeking; [Furner 1999] NetPlaza, topic distillation use; [Li 1999] search(ing) See Also query algorithms, potential for universal address space analysis; [Nelson 1999k] content, integration with structure analysis; [Li 1999] Google search engine, influence weight balancing strategies; [Kleinberg 1999] hypertext integration with, dynamic semantic link creation with; [Wilkinson 1999] navigation vs.; [Wilkinson 1999] overlapping span, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] proximity, in XML documents; [Li 1999] over semantic index space, as navigation mechanism; [Tudhope 1999] as supplement for hypertext browsing; [Bodner 1999a] WWW, visualization of; [Benford 1999] XML potential for, [IBSI 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] Secret, A. bibliographic references, [Berners-Lee 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] segmentation text, lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] selection(s) of elements, cognitive problems, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] of features, examples importance for; [Chakrabarti 1999d] of link databases, XLink support for; [DeRose 1999a] of links, index term selection compared with; [Furner 1999] modeling, in XML trees; [DeRose 1999a] user, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] Selvin, A. bibliographic references, [Selvin 1999]; [Bieber 1999a] semantic(s) See Also cognitive concept(s)/conceptual association of media-based representations with; [Lewis 1999] of cohesion; [Green 1999a] combining authored and automatic links, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] data model, as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] dependencies, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] distance measures; [Tudhope 1999] of document composition, time-based issues; [Hardman 1999a] domain representation, as hypermedia research goal; [Tudhope 1999] representation, [Collier 1987] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] representation, [Trigg 1986] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] fixed, as HTML deficiency that XML addresses; [DeRose 1999a] HB1 built on a platform of; [Carr 1999] HTML link; [Verbyla 1999] index, domain representation use; [Tudhope 1999] index space, queries, use as navigation mechanism; [Tudhope 1999] indexing, merging with statistical IR, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] indexing of hypermedia; [Tudhope 1999] as bridge between information disciplines.; [Tudhope 1999] research issues; [Tudhope 1999] lexical automatic hypertext construction and; [Green 1999a] information retrieval relationship to; [Green 1999a] performance vs. information retrieval; [Green 1999a] link in WWW; [Cailliau 1999] Xlink; [DeRose 1999a] of linking within linear multimedia presentations; [Hardman 1999a] among linear multimedia presentations; [Hardman 1999a] linking, [Tudhope 2000] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] links in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] HTML expression; [Verbyla 1999] spatial hypertext as alternative to; [Shipman 1999a] spatial hypertext as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] of links HTML link issues and alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] source/destination relationships as; [Verbyla 1999] versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] metadata capture; [Lewis 1999] modeling, minimalist approach motivations; [Tudhope 1999] of multiple overlapping thesauri, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] relations, similarity, automatic link generation use; [Wilkinson 1999] relationship between signifier vs. signified, role of links in; [Lewis 1999] relationships as common element in thesauri and semantic indexes; [Tudhope 1999] intra-document link representation of; [Furner 1999] variation in views on; [Furner 1999] rendering, XML issues; [DeRose 1999a] revision issues, in Xanadu content link handling; [Nelson 1999k] semantically-based retrieval tools for document collections, [Doerr 1997] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] The Significance of Linking; [Lewis 1999] structure vs., in automatic link generation; [Wilkinson 1999] tagging, RDF facilitation of; [Tudhope 1999] temporal and spatial multimedia, requirements for combination of; [Hardman 1999a] of trail backtracking; [Reich 1999a] traversal, separation from link types, XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] web [Berners-Lee 1998] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] semantic linking relationship to; [Tudhope 1999] "Semantically Indexed Hypermedia: Linking Information Disciplines"; [Tudhope 1999] Senders, J. W. bibliographic references, [Senders 1980]; [Treloar 1999] Senn, J. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] separation See Also linkbases OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) of content from structure broken link strategies; [Davis 1999a] in Xanadu model, [Nelson 1997c] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] of hypertext structure from processing, [DeRose 1990] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] of index and document spaces [Frisse 1989] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] hypermedia advantages; [Tudhope 1999] of links from documents models and systems that support, [Davis 1992] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] models and systems that support, [Kappe 1993] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] models and systems that support, [Verbla 1994] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] models and systems that support, [Wiil 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] as requirement for full hypermedia functionality, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] XLink WWW standard proposal for; [Carr 1999] of system components as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] as Multicard capability; [Carr 1999] SEPIA See Also CoVer versioning collaboration support, [Streitz 1992] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] CoVer as contextual version server for [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] versioning concerns [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] sequential text representation and operations on, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] sequentiality as trail and tour characteristic; [Reich 1999a] servers link See linkbases Intermedia; [Lewis 1999] as Multicosm source; [Lewis 1999] transcopyright implementation; [Nelson 1999k] services middleware as multiple open services component; [Wiil 1999c] types of; [Wiil 1999c] open, as multiple open services environment characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] structure, SC middleware services viewed as; [Wiil 1999c] session See Also actemes Dexter hypertext reference model episodes management, as Dexter hypertext component; [Carr 1999] trail marking activities relationship to, [Rosenberg 1996] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] set-based hypertext as alternative to pointer-based links, [Parunak 1989] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] sets multiple, possibilities, in external relationship linkbases; [Anderson 1999b] SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) as basis for data exchange format in Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal, [ISO 1986] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] as generalized markup language; [DeRose 1999a] Guidon browser use; [Treloar 1999] hypertext relationship to, in Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] information interchange support; [Carr 1999] ISO 8879-1986, [ISO 1986] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] structure aid for hypertext conversion; [Wilkinson 1999] XML compared with, [DeRose 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] Shackelford, D. E. bibliographic references, [Shackelford 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] shape as information typing mechanism in VIKI; [Shipman 1999a] Shapiro, Jonathan as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] sharing of link databases, XLink support for; [DeRose 1999a] Shaul, I. bibliographic references, [Maarek 1997]; [Mukherjea 1999] Sherman, M. bibliographic references, [Sherman 1990]; [Bieber 1999a] Shiozawa, H. bibliographic references, [Shiozawa 1997]; [Benford 1999] Shipman, Frank M. III ACM-CSHT publications, "Spatial hypertext: an alternative to navigational and semantic links"; [Shipman 1999a] bibliographic references [Marshall 1993]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1994]; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall 1997]; [Lewis 1999], [Shipman 1999a] [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] [Shipman 1989]; [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1995]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [Shipman 1999]; [Shipman 1999a] [Shipman 2000]; [Lewis 1999] Shneiderman, Ben bibliographic references [Botafogo 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Furuta 1989]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Rivlin 1994]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Shneiderman 1989]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Shum, S. B. bibliographic references, [Shum 1997]; [Kopak 1999] significance of linking; [Lewis 1999] "Significance of Linking"; [Lewis 1999] signifier signified vs. [de Saussure 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Smoliar 1996] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] Silverstein, C. bibliographic references, [Silverstein 1998]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] similarity coefficients, quantifying degree of similarity with; [Furner 1999] coefficients use [Ellis 1993] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Ellis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] difference vs., as differentiator between transclusions and content links; [Nelson 1999k] grouping relations on the basis of; [Kopak 1999] as information retrieval relationship type, hypertext relationship diversity vs.; [Lewis 1999] measures in a link generation consistency study; [Furner 1999] topic distillation use; [Li 1999] measures in chemical molecules, [Willett 1987] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] relation, static links creation from; [Wilkinson 1999] relations, in lexical semantics and information retrieval; [Green 1999a] relationships in domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] as dynamic hypertext approach; [Bodner 1999a] representation of, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] as semantic link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] simplification information, as precursor to information visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] simulation of linking relationships, simulation with attractive-repulsive forces; [Benford 1999] transclusion implementation as; [Nelson 1999k] simultaneous apprehension of multiple relationships, as spatial hypertext hallmark; [Shipman 1999a] Sirapyan, N. bibliographic references, [Lidsky 1999]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] site maps as navigation aid; [Mukherjea 1999] size See Also evaluation, criteria issues, in software engineering projects, [Anderson 199b] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] of software engineering teams, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] as WWW information retrieval problem; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Slein, J. bibliographic references, [Slein 1997]; [Vitali 1999] Sloth, L. bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] [Grønbæk 1993]; [Carr 1999] [Grønbæk 1994a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk 1997]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Grønbæk 1999]; [Carr 1999] Smalltalk MetaEdit+ implementation; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] SMART Latent Semantic Indexing vs., performance comparison; [Furner 1999] SmartContent [SmartContent 1999] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as spatial hypertext visualization of the WWW, [HotSauce 1999] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] Smeaton, Alan F. ACM-CSHT publications, "Automatic link generation"; [Wilkinson 1999] bibliographic references [Agosti 1996]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Guinan 1992]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Smeaton 1995]; [Furner 1999] SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) 1.0 support Oratrix GRiNS editor; [Hardman 1999a] RealNetworks G2 player; [Hardman 1999a] Boston specification, goals, [Ayars 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] history and recommendations [Hoschka 1997] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] [Hoschka 1998] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] time-based hypermedia on the WWW, [Hoschka 1998] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] as W3C time-based hypermedia language; [Hardman 1999a] Smith, F. D. bibliographic references [Shackelford 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] [Smith 1991]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999a] Smith, G. bibliographic references, [Frécon 1998]; [Benford 1999] Smith, John B. bibliographic references [Dewan 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] [Shackelford 1993]; [Wiil 1999c] [Smith 1991]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999a] Smith, Karen E. bibliographic references, [Garrett 1986]; [Brailsford 1999] Smith, M. bibliographic references, [Pollitt 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Smoliar, Steven bibliographic references, [Smoliar 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Sneider, E. bibliographic references, [Nürnberg 1997]; [Lewis 1999] Snowdon, D. N. bibliographic references [Benford 1995]; [Benford 1999] [Benford 1997]; [Benford 1999] [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Sochats, K. M. bibliographic references, [Olsen 1993]; [Benford 1999] social commentary, breast-outline hypertext structure map as, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] component of information access; [Tudhope 1999] filtering relationships, as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] navigation, Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems; [Reich 1999a] networks See Also communication/communities See Also ecologies analysis; [Chakrabarti 1999d] analysis strategies, as WWW structure analysis tool; [Kleinberg 1999] hubs and authorities, [Kleinberg 2000] bibliographic reference; [Kleinberg 1999] linking based on; [Carr 1999] prominance ranking analysis; [Kleinberg 1999] representation, by hubs/authority relationship weighting; [Kleinberg 1999] theory; [Chakrabarti 1999d] topic distillation use for identifying; [Li 1999] trail-making as activity of; [Reich 1999a] types of; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Soergel, D. bibliographic references, [Soergel 1995]; [Tudhope 1999] software agents [Carr 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Pikrakis 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] software development versioning importance in; [Vitali 1999] software engineering See Also CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) engineering applicability for hypermedia development; [Rossi 1999] artifact characteristics; [Anderson 1999b] complexity issues, [Brooks 1987] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] design phases, hypertext as aid to, [Noll 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] documentation, management issues; [Anderson 1999b] domain relationship analysis, in hypermedia system design; [Bieber 1999] hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] large-scale, hypermedia requirements for, [Malcolm 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] open hypermedia support of; [Anderson 1999b] state-based vs. change-based versioning, hypermedia versioning compared with; [Vitali 1999] system design, hypertext primary vs. hypertext supplemental; [Bieber 1999a] versioning importance; [Vitali 1999] Sola, S. bibliographic references [Maioli 1993]; [Vitali 1999] [Maioli 1994]; [Vitali 1999] Sollins, K. bibliographic references, [Sollins 1994]; [Brailsford 1999] Soltysiak, S. J. bibliographic references, [Crabtree 1998]; [Reich 1999a] Song, J. bibliographic references, [Kim 1995]; [Hardman 1999a] sorting link, adaptive hypertext use; [Bodner 1999a] sound as WWW contribution to scholarly publishing; [Treloar 1999] spaces index, separating document space from, [Frisse 1989] bibliographic reference; [Tudhope 1999] information, simplification, as precursor to information visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] topic, authoritative and hub page organization of; [Li 1999] spans of content, Xanadu tracking of; [Nelson 1999k] generalized xanalogical protocol based on, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] spatial composites, representation difficulties in open hypermedia research challenge; [Shipman 1999a] environments, 3D hypertext visualization within, [Dieberger 1995] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] hypermedia as alternative to navigational and semantic links; [Shipman 1999a] benefits of; [Shipman 1999a] challenges for OHS, [Nurmberg 1999] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] [Halasz et al. 1987] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] HotSauce visualization of the WWW; [Benford 1999] impact of; [Shipman 1999a] [Marshall and Shipman 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] SC importance for; [Wiil 1999c] structural computing support; [Wiil 1999c] virtual reality enabled, Generalized Similarity Analysis framework use; [Mukherjea 1999] parsing, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] patterns, recognition of, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] relationships advantages over directed graphs; [Shipman 1999a] dynamic guided tour use of; [Tudhope 1999] as link role; [Carr 1999] visualization, 3D, of the WWW; [Benford 1999] "Spatial Hypertext: An Alternative to Navigational and Semantic Links"; [Shipman 1999a] specification of context, in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] of HTML links; [Verbyla 1999] of source and destination, methods for; [Verbyla 1999] of user selections, in XML trees; [DeRose 1999a] speed lexical chaining algorithm issues, [Barzilay 1997] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] as structural computing benefit; [Wiil 1999c] Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. bibliographic references [Bray 1998]; [Shipman 1999a] [Sperberg-McQueen 1994]; [DeRose 1999a] Sperberg-McQueen, C. Michael bibliographic references, [Bray 1998]; [Anderson 1999b], [Hardman 1999a] spiders broken embedded link detection, [Fielding 1994] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] spiky navigation pattern; [Bodner 1999a] spreading activation automatic link generation use, [Lulu 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] Spring, M. B. bibliographic references, [Olsen 1993]; [Benford 1999] SQL interoperability support; [Carr 1999] St-Onge, D. bibliographic references, [Hirst 1998]; [Green 1999a] stages in hypermedia infrastructure development, (figure); [Wiil 1999c] Stairmand, Mark A. bibliographic references [De Roure 1998]; [Reich 1999a] [De Roure 2000]; [Reich 1999a] [Stairmand 1994]; [Green 1999a] [Stairmand 1997]; [Green 1999a] stakeholders domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] standards/standardization See Also SGML XLINK XML a contrarian view of; [Nelson 1999k] data exchange, value for information visualization tools; [Mukherjea 1999] DOI (Digital Object identifier), URL fragility resolution, [Lynch 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] of hypermedia services; [Wiil 1999c] hypermedia visualization; [Mukherjea 1999] IETF, WebDAV, versioning concerns, [Slein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] MPEG-7 content-based retrieval advantages, [MPEG 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [MPEG 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] OSMIC [Nelson 1996] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999b] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999f] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999g] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999h] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] SGML, information interchange support; [Carr 1999] WebDAV, versioning concerns, [Slein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] XLink, as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] XPath, as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] XPointer, as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] XSL stylesheet link traversal behaviors, [Deach 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] link traversal behaviors, XLink relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] XPath expressions use with; [DeRose 1999a] Z39.50, distributed cross-platform use, semantically-based retrieval role; [Tudhope 1999] state -based versioning models CoVer provision of, [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] CoVer provision of, [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] dynamic hypertext use, WWW stateless server barriers; [Bernstein 1999] stateless servers, dynamic hypertext barriers; [Bernstein 1999] static hypertext link immutability in; [Bodner 1999a] query-based dyanamic hypertext look-and-feel like; [Bodner 1999a] links alternatives; [Verbyla 1999] as HTML link limitation; [Verbyla 1999] limitations; [Verbyla 1999] links vs. dynamic, as automatic link generation issue; [Wilkinson 1999] point-to-point links, in the evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] Stenius, M. bibliographic references, [Snowdon 1997]; [Benford 1999] Stiegler, Marc as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Stohr, Edward bibliographic references, [Isakowitz 1995]; [Lewis 1999], [Bieber 1999], [Bieber 1999a] stop-sites as IR contamination reduction technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] storage Xanadu, versioning issues, [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] stores structure-aware, as multiple open services component; [Wiil 1999c] Storyspace as early hypertext authoring tool; [Bernstein 1999] Stotts, P. David bibliographic references [Dewan 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] [Stotts 1988]; [Carr 1999] [Stotts 1989]; [Bernstein 1999] [Stotts 1991]; [Bodner 1999a] Stoutjesdijk, E. bibliographic references, [Verheij 1996]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Strandberg, Johan as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Strasnick, S. bibliographic references, [Tesler 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999] strategies emergent problem-solving, overhead impact of predefined link types on; [DeRose 1999a] Streitz, Norbert A. bibliographic references [Haake 1994]; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] [[Schütt 1990]; [Carr 1999] [Schütt 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Bernstein 1999], [Vitali 1999a] stretchtext See Also Computer Lib Guide Literary Machines adaptive hypermedia use; [De Bra 1999] [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] Strickland, Stephanie bibliographic references, [Strickland 1998]; [Bernstein 1999] strings user selection specification with, in XPointer; [DeRose 1999a] Stroffolino, P. bibliographic references, [Roth 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] strong authors as hypertext model, characteristics and weaknesses; [Bodner 1999a] as primary link generator, in traditional hypertext; [Bodner 1999a] "Structural Patterns and Hypertext Rhetoric"; [Bernstein 1999] structure(s)/structural/structuring See Also form patterns SC (structural computing) topology abstractions, vs. data-based abstractions, as SC defining characteristic; [Wiil 1999c] aggregate, missing from the WWW; [Li 1999] analysis, integration with content search; [Li 1999] argumentation capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] in Trigg's link taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] aware hypertext tools, XML element class advantages; [DeRose 1999a] -based queries, as navigation; [Bieber 1999a] -based search, in XML database; [Li 1999] breast-outline hypertext structure map, as feminist symbol, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] classification, See graph(s) coherence, temporal counterpoint as strategy for; [Bernstein 1999] cohesive, lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] complex hypertext fiction use of; [Bernstein 1999] importance for short hypertexts; [Bernstein 1999] computing, See SC (structural computing) content separation from, broken link strategies; [Davis 1999a] context views as; [Bieber 1999a] different degrees of, hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] discourse, lexical chain reflection of, [Morris 1991] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] document advantages of format separation from; [DeRose 1999a] linking to, as solution to content reference problems; [Davis 1999a] XML, (figure); [DeRose 1999a] elements, HTML scope issues; [DeRose 1999a] first-class tours as; [Reich 1999a] trails as; [Reich 1999a] guided tours, as hypertext navigation aid; [Bernstein 1999] hierarchical advocate, [Brown 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Guide use as hypertext backbone; [Bernstein 1999] WWW design use for disorientation control; [Bernstein 1999] hypercubes, hypertext use; [Bernstein 1999] hypermedia; [Wiil 1999c] component-based open hypermedia systems; [Wiil 1999c] future directions; [Wiil 1999c] HBMS; [Wiil 1999c] link server systems; [Wiil 1999c] monolithic; [Wiil 1999c] open hypermedia systems; [Wiil 1999c] research history; [Wiil 1999c] hypertext added value for computer applications; [Bieber 1999a] mechanisms, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] separating processing from; [DeRose 1999a] implicit discovery of, in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] links in hypertext design models; [Lewis 1999] importance for hypertext conversion, [Frisse bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] information spatial hypertext challenges for open hypermedia systems; [Shipman 1999a] through relationships, hypermedia as; [Bieber 1999] XML modeling of; [DeRose 1999a] interpenetrating, as alternative to app, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] lattices, hypertext use; [Bernstein 1999] as link role; [Carr 1999] links, HTML expression; [Verbyla 1999] lists, Xanadu operations on; [Nelson 1999k] multidimensional, with ZigZag spine, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] overviews as; [Bieber 1999a] patterns, hypertext rhetoric and; [Bernstein 1999] Petri nets, hypertext use; [Bernstein 1999] preservation of, in Xanadu content links; [Nelson 1999k] relationship, analysis of, as hypermedia design tool; [Bieber 1999] representation, structural computing characteristics and examples; [Wiil 1999c] search and hypertext integration issues; [Wilkinson 1999] semantics vs., in automatic link generation; [Wilkinson 1999] services reconceptualizing data abstractions as; [Wiil 1999c] SC middleware services viewed as; [Wiil 1999c] spatial, recognition of, VIKI support for; [Shipman 1999a] structure-aware stores, as multiple open services component; [Wiil 1999c] toruses, hypertext use; [Bernstein 1999] versioning hypermedia problems, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] virtual hypertext structuring mechanism, Generalized Similarity Analysis framework; [Mukherjea 1999] visualization issues; [Mukherjea 1999] as navigation aid; [Mukherjea 1999] WWW; [Bernstein 1999] discrete mathematics modeling of; [Kleinberg 1999] visualizing; [Benford 1999] as WWW, element; [Mukherjea 1999] xanalogical concepts and design goals; [Nelson 1999k] independence from transcopyright method; [Nelson 1999k] storage issues, [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Strudel as WWW database backend system; [Li 1999] study(s) of automatic link generation, [Furuta 1989] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] user, of query-based; [Bodner 1999a] of WWW crawler efficiency [Bharat 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Lawrence 1999] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] STurner, J. S. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] style language XLink need for; [DeRose 1999a] styles working, hypermedia research reflection of; [Wiil 1999c] stylesheets link semantic expression by, XLink implementation need of; [DeRose 1999a] use with XML [Bos 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Deach 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XML document formatting use; [DeRose 1999a] Styliaras, G. bibliographic references, [Christodoulou 1998]; [Bieber 1999] Suciu, D. bibliographic references [Fernandez 1998]; [Li 1999] [Suciu 1998]; [Li 1999] summary as rhetorical link type, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Sun Link Service bibliographic references, [Pearl 1989]; [Carr 1999], [DeRose 1999a] linkbase, [Pearl 1989] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] superordinate as lexical cohesive relation; [Green 1999a] support vector as feature classifier, resource discovery use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] "Supporting Software Engineering with Open Hypermedia"; [Anderson 1999b] SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) SMIL timing use, [Ferraiolo 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] Swick, R. bibliographic references, [Lassila 1999]; [Carr 1999] symbol(s) feminist, breast-outline hypertext structure map as, [Strickland 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] manipulation, human control of, [Engelbart 1962] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] synchronization as time-based hypermedia issue; [Hardman 1999a] synonymitsynonymyy as relation type, (footnote); [Kopak 1999] synonymy similarity relationship problems with; [Green 1999a] as WWW information retrieval problem; [Chakrabarti 1999d] synsets See Also lexical chaining WordNet database use; [Green 1999a] syntax See Also semantic(s) document, organizational link representation of; [Kopak 1999] pointing, Xpointer; [DeRose 1999a] XPath; [DeRose 1999a] systems See Also AHS (adaptive hypermedia systems) CB-OHS (component-based open hypermedia systems) HBMS (hyperbase management systems) HMOS (hypermedia operating system) HyperDisco Microcosm OHS (Open Hypermedia Systems) classification, semantic indexing use; [Tudhope 1999] design, hypertext primary vs. hypertext supplemental; [Bieber 1999a] development, hypermedia support of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] encapsulation of components, as Microcosm capability; [Carr 1999] hypertext, general purpose, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Xanadu back end; [Nelson 1999k] Szabo, R. bibliographic references, [Schnase 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] table lens as Focus + Context technique; [Mukherjea 1999] [Rao 1994] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] tags/tagging closed tag set, as HTML deficiency that XML addresses; [DeRose 1999a] human-readable, in XLink; [DeRose 1999a] semantic, RDF facilitation of; [Tudhope 1999] Tague-Sutcliffe, J. bibliographic references, [Blustein 1997]; [Furner 1999] Tajima, Keishi bibliographic references, [Tajima 1999]; [Li 1999] Takano, H. bibliographic references, [Hirata 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Talmud citation indexes as early hypertext, [Weinberg 1997] bibliographic reference; [Treloar 1999] Tam, J. bibliographic references, [Tam 1997]; [Bodner 1999a] Tanaka, K. bibliographic references, [Tanaka 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] Tansley, R. bibliographic references, [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] Tardif, L. bibliographic references, [Jourdan 1998]; [Hardman 1999a] Tarr, D. bibliographic references, [Tarr 1974]; [Furner 1999] task(s) -based groups, possibilities, in external relationship linkbases; [Anderson 1999b] -based versioning models CoVer provision of, [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] CoVer provision of, [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] link versioning role; [Vitali 1999] taxonomy(s) See Also type(ing) Flag, Dexter implementation issues addressed by; [Carr 1999] of hypertext integration with CASE, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] link in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Cleary and Bareiss' taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Trigg's PhD dissertation; [Kopak 1999] of link types; [Kopak 1999] empirical derivation proposal; [Kopak 1999] of links [Allen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] [Parunak 1991] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] [Thistlewaite 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] [Trigg 1983] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] relationship; [Bieber 1999] domain relationship analysis; [Bieber 1999] Taylor, Carl bibliographic references [Beynon-Davies 1994]; [Lewis 1999] [Cunliffe 1997]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 1994]; [Tudhope 1999] [Tudhope 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] Taylor, Ian ACM-CSHT publications, "Three dimensional visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] bibliographic references, [Benford 1999]; [Mukherjea 1999], [De Bra 1999] Taylor, Richard N. bibliographic references, [Anderson 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] teams design team, hypertext support for; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] software engineering, size management issues; [Anderson 1999b] Tebbutt, J. bibliographic references, [Tebbutt 1999]; [Wilkinson 1999] TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) extended pointer, XPointer based on; [DeRose 1999a] extended pointers [Ide 1995] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Sperberg-McQueen 1994] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] ten Kate, Warner bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Tengi, R. bibliographic references, [Miller 1993]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Tergan, S.O. bibliographic references, [Tergan 1997]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] term weighting as IR contamination reduction technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Terveen, L. bibliographic references, [Terveen 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999] Tesler, J. bibliographic references, [Tesler 1992]; [Mukherjea 1999] Texas A&M University HBMS research; [Wiil 1999c] publications; [Wiil 1999c] text cohesive relations between, lexical chaining use for discovering; [Green 1999a] database visualization, landscape metaphor use; [Mukherjea 1999] interpenetration of, support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] markup, interfaces that integrate querying and browsing; [Bodner 1999a] overlapping, support for, as Xanadu goal; [Nelson 1999k] processing, [Carr 2000] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] ring buffers for, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] segmentation, lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] sequential, representation and operations on, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] TEXTNET link type categories, [Trigg 1983] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] "The Evolution of Hypertext Link Services"; [Carr 1999] The Mining Co. directory-based topic browsing at; [Chakrabarti 1999d] "The Unfinished Revolution and Xanadu"; [Nelson 1998d] theory(s) hypermedia; [Bieber 1999] relation element theory [Chaffin 1984] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] [Chaffin 1987] bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] thesaurus/thesauri digital, information retrieval system use; [Lewis 1999] enrichment, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] multiple overlapping, interoperability and semantics, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] Roget's Thesaurus, lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] semantic indexing relationship to; [Tudhope 1999] Theseus as user trail creating Greek hero; [Reich 1999a] Thiel, D. bibliographic references, [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] Thierry, Michel bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] third-party applications integration as OHS characteristic, [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] as OHS characteristic, [Whitehead 1997] bibliographic reference; [Anderson 1999b] Thistlewaite, Paul bibliographic references [Thistlewaite 1995]; [Furner 1999] [Thistlewaite 1997]; [Bodner 1999a], [Wilkinson 1999], [Verbyla 1999] Thompson, Henry bibliographic references, [McKelvie 1998]; [Brailsford 1999] threading display processor through data structure, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Thüring, Manfred bibliographic references [Streitz 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999a] [Thüring 1995]; [Reich 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] Tidwell, Jennifer bibliographic references, [Tidwell 1998]; [Rossi 1999] time See Also Amsterdam Hypertext Model change HyperCafe in Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 96 timeline atemporal composites gathering mechanism for; [Hardman 1999a] SMIL 1.0 omission; [Hardman 1999a] -based hypermedia; [Hardman 1999a] dependencies, as implicit relationship; [Anderson 1999b] in hypermedia document models; [Hardman 1999a] of link generation, issues and semantics; [Verbyla 1999] linking within time-based hypermedia, SMIL 1.0 recommendations; [Hardman 1999a] not included in Dexter hypertext reference model; [Hardman 1999a] task understanding change over, spatial hypertext support of; [Shipman 1999a] temporal composites defined as collection of constrained media items; [Hardman 1999a] SMIL 1.0 recommendations; [Hardman 1999a] temporal counterpoint as structural coherence strategy; [Bernstein 1999] use, [Eisen 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] temporal links [Amerika 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Moulthrop 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] as reader choice subversion device; [Bernstein 1999] temporal relationships, dynamic guided tour use of; [Tudhope 1999] trail relevance impact; [Reich 1999a] web site evoluation over time, Time Tube; [Benford 1999] Time Tube web site visualization over time, [Chi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as WWW visualization technique; [Mukherjea 1999] titles "Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework"; [De Bra 1999] "Applying Hypertext and Hypermedia to Scholarly Journals Enables Both Product and Process Innovation"; [Treloar 1999] "Automatic Link Generation", [Wilkinson 2000] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] "Bootstrapping Our Collective Intelligence"; [Engelbart 1998] "Developing Hypermedia Applications with Methods and Patterns"; [Rossi 1999] "Dynamic Hypertext: Querying and Linking"; [Bodner 1999a] "Education: the unfinished revolution"; [van Dam 1999] "Flexible CASE and Hypertext"; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] "Hubs, Authorities, and Communities"; [Kleinberg 1999] "Hypermedia: A Design Philosophy"; [Bieber 1999] "Hypermedia Research Directions: An Infrastructure Perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] "Hypermedia: The Link with Time"; [Hardman 1999a] "Hypertext Functionality"; [Bieber 1999a] "Hypertext in the Web - a History"; [Cailliau 1999] "Hypertext Link Integrity"; [Davis 1999a] "Information Visualization for Hypermedia Systems"; [Mukherjea 1999] "Integrating Content Search with Structure Analysis for Hypermedia Retrieval and Management"; [Li 1999] "Inter-Linker Consistency in the Manual Construction of Hypertext Documents"; [Furner 1999] "Lexical Semantics and Automatic Hypertext Construction", [Green 2000] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] "A Proposal for a Taxonomy of Functional Link Types"; [Kopak 1999] "Recent Results in Automatic Web Resource Discovery"; [Chakrabarti 1999d] "Semantically Indexed Hypermedia: Linking Information Disciplines"; [Tudhope 1999] "The Significance of Linking"; [Lewis 1999] "Spatial Hypertext: An Alternative to Navigational and Semantic Links"; [Shipman 1999a] "Structural Patterns and Hypertext Rhetoric"; [Bernstein 1999] "Supporting Software Engineering with Open Hypermedia"; [Anderson 1999b] "The Evolution of Hypertext Link Services"; [Carr 1999] "The Unfinished Revolution and Xanadu"; [Nelson 1998d] "Three Dimensional Visualization of the World Wide Web"; [Benford 1999] "Unlinking the link"; [Verbyla 1999] "Versioning Hypermedia"; [Vitali 1999] "Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems"; [Reich 1999a] "Xanalogical Structure, Needed Now More than Ever: ParallelDocuments, Deep Links to Content, Deep Versioning, and Deep Reuse"; [Nelson 1999k] "XML Linking"; [DeRose 1999a] TOC (table of contents) next and previous browser operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] Tomkins, A. bibliographic references, [Chakrabarti 1999a]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] toolkits intra-application HTF support [Anderson 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [Puttress 1990] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] [Sherman 1990] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] tools for CASE environments, weaknesses of; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] hypermedia visualization, ease of use need; [Mukherjea 1999] information modeling, (table); [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] query formation, large hypertext access need for; [Tudhope 1999] topic boundaries hypertext link placement relationship to; [Green 1999a] lexical chaining use for discovering; [Green 1999a] browsing, directory-based, as WWW information retrieval technique; [Chakrabarti 1999d] distillation analysis of WWW as social network; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as post-processing operation, resource discovery vs.; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, Google, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, HITS, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] techniques, PageRank, [Brin 1998] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] as WWW query ranking technique, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Li 1999] distillation algorithm, for query ranking; [Li 1999] spaces, authoritative and hub page organization of; [Li 1999] as WWW query ranking technique, [Kleinberg 1998] bibliographic reference; [Li 1999] topology/topological See Also mathematics patterns structure graph, measuring, limitation of; [Wilkinson 1999] index value [Basak 1987] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Blustein 1997] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Botafogo 1992] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] [Ellis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] similarity measure use; [Furner 1999] [Smeaton 1995] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] link capturing argumentation structures in, [Conklin 1988] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] in hypertext fiction; [Bernstein 1999] as WWW element; [Mukherjea 1999] toruses as hypertext structure, [Parunak 1989] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Tosca, S. P. bibliographic references, [Tosca 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] tours See Also access mechanisms trails applications of; [Reich 1999a] [Bieber 1997] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] branching [Shipman 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Trigg 1988] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] educational, [Shipman 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] educational use of; [Reich 1999a] as first-class structures; [Reich 1999a] guided dynamic generation of, [Guinan 1992]d bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] dynamic, temporal and spatial relationship role; [Tudhope 1999] as hypertext navigation aid; [Reich 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] as trails vs., as hypertext navigation mechanisms; [Reich 1999a] [Marshall 1989] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] multiple, external link advantages; [Vitali 1999] trails and, compared with bookmarks, [Keller 1997] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Trigg 1988] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] tpw98 Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] tracking of link position, versioning requirement; [Vitali 1999] Trafford, Ben bibliographic references, [DeRose 1999]; [Carr 1999], [Shipman 1999a], [Vitali 1999] trail(s) See Also paths tours applications of; [Reich 1999a] blazers, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] generation by user activity; [Reich 1999a] graphical overviews plus, [Thüring 1995] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] through hypertext, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] in hypertext systems; [Reich 1999a] as information access tool, domain relationship analysis of; [Bieber 1999] issues and research questions; [Reich 1999a] making activities involved with; [Reich 1999a] as social activity, [Chalmers 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] memex, as transclusions; [Nelson 1999k] meta information in understanding, [Marshall 1989] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] multiple, external link advantages; [Vitali 1999] next and previous operation support of; [Cailliau 1999] paths and, [Bush 1945] bibliographic reference; [Bodner 1999a] questions to ask of [De Roure 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] [Trigg 1988] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] social role of; [Reich 1999a] tours vs., as hypertext navigation mechanisms; [Reich 1999a] trail-making activities, components of; [Reich 1999a] trailbase change issues, [De Roure 2000] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] resource-based approaches to management of, [Moreau 1997] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] user activities, [Chalmers 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] activities, [[Pikrakis 1998] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] activities, [[Zellweger 1989] bibliographic reference; [Reich 1999a] as navigation mechanism; [Reich 1999a] training hypertext, relevant link determination use, [Calvi 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] transactions long, in hypermedia authoring environment, versioning importance for, [Wiil 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] transclusions finding; [Nelson 1999k] HTML modifications for, [Nelson 1999j] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] links vs.; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1995] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] public, transcopyright as permission for; [Nelson 1999k] term definition; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright independence from; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing windows visualization of; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu connection type; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] transcopyright See Also intellectual property rights ACM endorsement in principle, [Denning 1998] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] decentralized version [Nelson 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997b] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] doctrine separated from software, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997a] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1997b] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] original centralized version, [Nelson 1994] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] as permission for public transclusion; [Nelson 1999k] summary; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] transfinite arithmetic tumbler addressing based on, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] transient relationships, support need in spatial hypertext, [Marshall 1995] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] transitive relationships as document query ranking measure; [Li 1999] reasoning over, as imprecise query tool; [Tudhope 1999] translations as parallel documents; [Nelson 1999k] transpayment [Nelson 1999c] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000a] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing windows [Transpointing 2000] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu, overview; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] transpublishing in HTML, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Keio University system, [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999a] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999c] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999i] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1999j] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] transcopyright relationship to [HTS 1999] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 199a] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 199d] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 199i] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] traversal as link defining characteristic; [Bodner 1999a] semantics, separation from link types, XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] trees See Also hierarchy lexical, [Al-Halimi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] navigation within, extended pointer use; [DeRose 1999a] XML, modeling selections in; [DeRose 1999a] Treloar, Andrew bibliographic references, [Treloar 1996]; [Treloar 1999] triage information, visual attribute support of; [Shipman 1999a] Tribble, Dean as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Trigg, Randall H. bibliographic references [Grønbæck 1994]; [Hardman 1999a] [Grønbæk 1994b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk 1996]; [Carr 1999], [Lewis 1999] [Halasz 1987]; [Wiil 1999c], [Shipman 1999a], [Hardman 1999a] [Trigg 1983]; [Kopak 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Trigg 1986]; [Tudhope 1999] [Trigg 1988]; [Reich 1999a] "True North" hypertext structure map as feminist symbol; [Bernstein 1999] Tudhope, Douglas ACM-CSHT publications, "Semantically indexed hypermedia: linking information disciplines"; [Tudhope 1999] bibliographic references [Beynon-Davies 1994]; [Lewis 1999] [Cunliffe 1997]; [Tudhope 1999], [Lewis 1999] [Tudhope 1994]; [Tudhope 1999] [Tudhope 1997]; [Tudhope 1999] [Tudhope 2000]; [Lewis 1999] tumbler addressing as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu rootless tumbler addressing system, vs. centralized root node management, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Nelson 1999k] Turoff, Murray bibliographic references, [Balasubramanian 1998]; [Bieber 1999a] types/typing See Also taxonomy element in XML; [DeRose 1999a] XML support for new kinds; [DeRose 1999a] of fragment identifiers, in XPointer; [DeRose 1999a] link; [Kopak 1999] automatic link generation use, [Allen 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] automatic link generation use, [Bernstein 1990] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] automatic link generation use, [Chignell 1991] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] in evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] Linking Ability support; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] predefined, overhead impact on emergent problem-solving strategies; [Shipman 1999a] semantic representation use; [Tudhope 1999] separating from link behavior; [DeRose 1999a] separation from traversal semantics, XLink support of; [DeRose 1999a] taxonomy, Baron's; [Kopak 1999] taxonomy, Cleary and Bareiss'; [Kopak 1999] taxonomy, Parunak's; [Kopak 1999] taxonomy, proposal for an empirical derivation of; [Kopak 1999] Trigg's PhD dissertation; [Kopak 1999] visual presentation in gIBIS and Aqaunet maps; [Shipman 1999a] links, in Berners-Lee's distributed hypertext system proposal; [Cailliau 1999] node, as hypertext model dimension; [Bodner 1999a] relationship, taxonomy of, domain relationship analysis use; [Bieber 1999] UCLA publications; [Furner 1999] Udanx Green Xanadu server [FEBE1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] as open source version of xu99; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing window implementation; [Nelson 1999k] [Udanax 1999] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] UI (user interface) See Also user(s) design domain relationship analysis importance; [Bieber 1999] hypertext as aid to, [Balasubramanian 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext 'point and click', for backend search functionality; [Bodner 1999a] search and hypertext integration issues; [Wilkinson 1999] simplification of, as query-based dynamic hypertext advantage; [Bodner 1999a] spatial hypertext requirements; [Shipman 1999a] transpointing windows, for parallel documents; [Nelson 1999k] Ullman, David bibliographic references, [Balasubramanian 1998]; [Bieber 1999a] UML (Unified Modeling Language) See Also model(s)/modeling hypermedia development issues with; [Rossi 1999] [UML 1999] bibliographic reference; [Rossi 1999] understanding hypertext documents, trails as aid in; [Reich 1999a] user, hypertext as aid for, [Thüring 1995] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] undo browser forward and back buttons as; [Verbyla 1999] universal addressing as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] universality/universals of computational models, contribution to WWW success; [Kleinberg 1999] as particulars (footnote); [Kopak 1999] [Guarino 1998], (footnote) bibliographic reference; [Kopak 1999] University of Bologna publications; [Vitali 1999] University of Colorado, Boulder publications; [Anderson 1999b] University of Glamorgan publications; [Tudhope 1999] University of North Carolina HBMS research; [Wiil 1999c] University of Oulu publications; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] University of Sheffield publications; [Furner 1999] University of Southampton publications; [Carr 1999], [Reich 1999a] University of Toronto publications; [Bodner 1999a] "Unlinking the link"; [Verbyla 1999] Unnai, Ken'ichi as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers) [Berners-Lee 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XPath expressions use with; [DeRose 1999a] URL (Uniform Resource Locator) addressing fragility, as deficiency W3C URN and DOI standards seek to solve; [DeRose 1999a] as document identifier; [Davis 1999a] fragility issues, [Davis 2000] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] URN (Universal Resource Number) global persistent name service, as broken link prevention strategy, [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] as HTML link alternative, [Moats 1997] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] [Moats 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] URN (Universal Resource Number) standard URL fragility resolution, [Moats 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] usability studies hypermedia visualization, issues and examples; [Mukherjea 1999] of MetaEdit+ tools; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] usage as WWW element; [Mukherjea 1999] user(s) interfaces design patterns, hypermedia development use; [Rossi 1999] design patterns, [Tidwell 1998] bibliographic reference; [Rossi 1999] betwee querying and browsing, research issues; [Tudhope 1999] text markup, querying and browsing integration in; [Bodner 1999a] issues, Information Visualization for Hypermedia Systems; [Mukherjea 1999] /machine systems, Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework; [De Bra 1999] in a model, training hypertext, relevant link determination use, [Calvi 1998] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] model, training hypertext, relevant link determination use, [Calvi 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] models See Also model(s)/modeling adaptive hypermedia system development of; [De Bra 1999] adaptive hypermedia use; [De Bra 1999] hypertext navigation value; [Wilkinson 1999] profile COOL link model; [Bodner 1999a] dynamic hypertext use of; [Bodner 1999a] selections, XPointer addressing of; [DeRose 1999a] studies IR contamination reduction; [Chakrabarti 1999d] of query-based; [Bodner 1999a] trail generation by; [Reich 1999a] Utterback, J. M. bibliographic references, [Utterback 1994]; [Treloar 1999] Utting, K. bibliographic references, [Utting 1989]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Bernstein 1999] Valdez, J. Felix bibliographic references, [Chignell 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] validation semantic, HTML link imposibility; [Verbyla 1999] value hypertext, to non-hypertext-based applications; [Bieber 1999a] van Dam, Andries ACM-CSHT publications, "Education: the unfinished revolution"; [van Dam 1999] bibliographic references, [Yankelovich 1985]; [Shipman 1999a] van Dantzich, M. bibliographic references, [Robertson 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] van den Berg, M. bibliographic references [Chakrabarti 1999]; [Li 1999] [Chakrabarti 1999b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Chakrabarti 1999c]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] van Oseenbruggen, Jacco ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia: the link with time"; [Hardman 1999a] van Ossenbruggen, Jacco bibliographic references [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] [Hardman 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] van Rijsbergen, C. J. bibliographic references, [van Rijsbergen 1979]; [Tudhope 1999], [Mukherjea 1999], [Lewis 1999] Van Rijswijk, F. A. W. M. bibliographic references, [Vermunt 1987]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Vanish [Carriere 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] as information visualization tool; [Mukherjea 1999] vector(s) space model [Salton 1983] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] topic distillation use, [Bharat 1998c] bibliographic reference; [Chakrabarti 1999d] support, as feature classifier, resource discovery use; [Chakrabarti 1999d] SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), SMIL timing use, [Ferraiolo 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] Venkatasubramanian, S. bibliographic references, [Bharat 1998b]; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Verbyla, Janet ACM-CSHT publications, "Unlinking the link"; [Verbyla 1999] bibliographic references, [Verbyla 1994]; [Verbyla 1999], [Cailliau 1999] Vercoustre, A.-M. bibliographic references, [Bieber 1998]; [Furner 1999] Verheij, J. bibliographic references, [Verheij 1996]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] verification as versioning advantage; [Vitali 1999] versioning advantages for; [Vitali 1999] Vermunt, J. D. H. M. bibliographic references, [Vermunt 1987]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Veronis, Jean bibliographic references, [Ide 1995]; [Shipman 1999a] version management See Also backtracking versioning advantages; [Vitali 1999] authoring environment importance; [Vitali 1999] backup as advantage of; [Vitali 1999] branching, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] as broken link repair aid; [Davis 1999a] characteristics; [Vitali 1999] in Chimera, [Whitehead 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] costs; [Vitali 1999] in CoVer [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] frozen versions, immutability and cognitive problems, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] HB3, [Hicks 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] in HyperClas, [Dattolo 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] in Hyperform, [Wiil 1992b] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] hypermedia; [Vitali 1999] issues; [Vitali 1999] immutability and cognitive problems, [Østerbye 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] lists, as Xanadu back end component; [Nelson 1999k] lists, as sequential document representation, in Xanadu; [Nelson 1999k] in Microcosm, [Melly 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] models state-based, [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] task-based based, [Haake 1996] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as multiple open services core collaboration service; [Wiil 1999c] in Palimpsest, [Durand 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as parallel documents; [Nelson 1999k] in RHYTHM, [Maioli 1993] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] in SEPIA [Haake 1992] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Haake 1994] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] state-based vs. change-based, hypermedia versioning compared with; [Vitali 1999] tools, transpointing windows advantages over; [Nelson 1999k] tumbler span permutation matrix use for, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] in VTML, [Vitali 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] WebDAV standard, [Slein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] in Xanadu, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu support for; [Nelson 1999k] "Versioning Hypermedia"; [Vitali 1999] VIBE as 3D interactive WWW search visualization, [Olsen 1993] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] "Victory Garden" divergent experiences in reading; [Bernstein 1999] structural complexity; [Bernstein 1999] video data, Microcosm link service for; [Carr 1999] views See Also access mechanisms navigation visualization divergent, capturing in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] fisheye [Furnas 1986] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] [Sarkar 1994] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] VIKI use of, [Shipman 1999] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Focus + Context; [Mukherjea 1999] as scaling mechanism in 3D WWW visualization, [Lamping 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] as scaling mechanism in spatial visualization, [Munzner 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] global, missing from the WWW; [Li 1999] as hypertext structure; [Bieber 1999a] multiple, possibilities, in external relationship linkbases; [Anderson 1999b] Navigational View Builder, [Mukherjea 1995] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] VIKI spatial relationship manipulation in, [Marshall 1994] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] use of fisheye views, [Shipman 1999] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Vincente, K. bibliographic references, [Vincente 1990]; [Mukherjea 1999] virtual documents, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] hypertext structuring mechanism, Generalized Similarity Analysis framework; [Mukherjea 1999] Virtual Notebook System collaboration support, [Shipman 1989] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] virtual reality collaboration, 3D WWW visualization support for, [Benford 1996] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] -enabled spatial hypertext, [Chen 1998] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] enabled spatial hypertext, Generalized Similarity Analysis framework use; [Mukherjea 1999] hypertext potentials; [Bernstein 1999] role for narrative [Bolter 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Murray 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] role for participatory drama [Aarseth 1997] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] [Laurel 1991] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] Visage as information visualization tool; [Mukherjea 1999] [Roth 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] visual attributes, relationship representation by; [Shipman 1999a] memory, spatial interface advantage; [Shipman 1999a] metaphors, hypertext maps use; [Bernstein 1999] network with typed links and nodes, [Marshall 1991] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] visualization 3D, of the WWW; [Benford 1999] hypermedia auditorium metaphor; [Mukherjea 1999] usability studies, issues and examples; [Mukherjea 1999] hypertext networks, advances in; [Shipman 1999a] of hypertext structure, as navigation aid; [Mukherjea 1999] information, in spatial hypertext; [Shipman 1999a] of transclusion applications for; [Nelson 1999k] transpointing windows use for; [Nelson 1999k] of user browsing history; [Benford 1999] WWW, integration of content, structure, and use; [Mukherjea 1999] of WWW searches; [Benford 1999] Vitali, Fabio ACM-CSHT publications, "Versioning hypermedia"; [Vitali 1999] bibliographic references [Bieber 1997]; [Reich 1999a], [Cailliau 1999] [Bieber 1997a]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Bieber 1997b]; [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Durand 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Hicks 1995]; [Vitali 1999] [Maioli 1993]; [Vitali 1999] [Maioli 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Slein 1997]; [Vitali 1999] [Vitali 1995]; [Vitali 1999] Vlissides, John bibliographic references, [Gamma 1995]; [Rossi 1999] volatility as hypertext authoring issue, [Thistlewaite 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wilkinson 1999] VR-VIBE as 3D interactive WWW search visualization, [Benford 1995] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] VTML (Versioned Text Markup Language) facilities and issues, [Vitali 1995] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) hypertext standards XLink; [DeRose 1999a] XPath; [DeRose 1999a] XPointer; [DeRose 1999a] recommendations; [Hardman 1999a] Synchronized Multimedia working group SMIL history and recommendations, [Hoschka 1997] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] SMIL history and recommendations, [Hoschka 1998] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] [W3C 1998a] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] [W3C 1998b] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] XML Information Set Working Group, [Cowan 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XML Linking working group, goals and approaches; [DeRose 1999a] XML working draft, [Cowan 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] Walker, Janet bibliographic references, [Walker 1999]; [Bernstein 1999] Walker, John transpointing window implementation; [Nelson 1999k] Wallace, N. bibliographic references, [McCall 1990]; [Wiil 1999c] Wan, J. bibliographic references, [Bieber 1994]; [Reich 1999a] Wang, W. bibliographic references, [Rada 1993]; [Tudhope 1999] Wantz, L. bibliographic references, [Wantz 1997]; [Bodner 1999a] warnings as pragmatic link, in Baron's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] Wäsch, Jurgen bibliographic references, [Bapat 1996]; [Wiil 1999c] Wasserman, S. bibliographic references, [Wasserman 1994]; [Kleinberg 1999], [Chakrabarti 1999d] Waterworth, John A. bibliographic references [Chignell 1991]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Waterworth 1991]; [Bodner 1999a] Watson, H. bibliographic references, [Mayes 1988]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] WCML as WWW engineering initiative; [Rossi 1999] WE See Also pioneer projects weak authoring, query-based dynamic hypertext use with; [Bodner 1999a] weaknesses in hypertext support of software engineering; [Oinas-Kukkonen 1999] Weal, M. bibliographic references, [Dobie 1999]; [Lewis 1999] Web Forager as Web-based spatial hypertext, [Card 1996] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Web Squirrel as Web-based spatial hypertext, [Bernstein 1996] bibliographic reference; [Shipman 1999a] Web workspaces spatial hypertext contribution to; [Shipman 1999a] Web-based educational microworlds, Exploratories project development of; [van Dam 1999] interaction, Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems; [Reich 1999a] services, Adaptive Hypermedia: From Systems to Framework; [De Bra 1999] Webber, R. bibliographic references, [Blustein 1997]; [Furner 1999] WebBook as 3D WWW visualization technique; [Mukherjea 1999] as bookmark manager; [Benford 1999] [Card 1996] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] WebCutter as information exploration system; [Mukherjea 1999] [Maarek 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] WebDAV standard bibliographic references, [WebDAV 1999]; [Vitali 1999a] versioning concerns, [Slein 1998] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] Weber, G. bibliographic references, [Brusilovsky 1996b]; [De Bra 1999] WebForager as bookmark manager; [Benford 1999] WebOQL as WWW database backend system; [Li 1999] WebPath as 3D visualization of browsing history, [Frécon 1998] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] [Frécon 1998] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] WebQuery system [Carriere 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] as search plus visualization technique; [Mukherjea 1999] WebWatcher Web path identification use; [Li 1999] weighting of hubs and authorities, representation of hub/authority relationship; [Kleinberg 1999] Weinberg, B. H. bibliographic references, [Weinberg 1997]; [Treloar 1999] Weinstein, P. bibliographic references, [Weinstein 1998]; [Tudhope 1999] Weiser, Mark bibliographic references, [Trigg 1986]; [Tudhope 1999] Westfechtel, B. bibliographic references, [Conradi 1998]; [Vitali 1999] Westland, J. C. bibliographic references, [Westland 1991]; [Furner 1999] "Where Have You Been From Here? Trails in Hypertext Systems"; [Reich 1999a] Whitehead, E. James Jr. bibliographic references [Anderson 1994]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Slein 1997]; [Vitali 1999] [Whitehead 1994]; [Vitali 1999] [Whitehead 1997]; [Anderson 1999b], [Bieber 1999a] [Whitehead 1999]; [Cailliau 1999] Wicke, R. bibliographic references, [Gellersen 1997]; [Rossi 1999] Wiil, Uffe K. ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia research directions: an infrastructure perspective"; [Wiil 1999c] bibliographic references [Davis 1999]; [Lewis 1999] Nürnberg; [Carr 1999] [Nürnberg 1998]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999a], [Bieber 1999a] [Østerbye 1996]; [Carr 1999], [Anderson 1999b] [Wiil 1992]; [Vitali 1999] [Wiil 1992a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1992b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1993]; [Wiil 1999c], [Vitali 1999], [Vitali 1999a] [Wiil 1994]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1995]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1996]; [Carr 1999] [Wiil 1996a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1996b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997]; [Carr 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Wiil 1997a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1997c]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1998]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999]; [Bieber 1999a] [Wiil 1999a]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 1999b]; [Wiil 1999c] [Wiil 2000]; [Lewis 1999] Wilcox, L. bibliographic references, [Smoliar 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Wilkins, Rob J. bibliographic references [Davis 1992]; [Wiil 1999c], [Carr 1999], [Davis 1999a], [Brailsford 1999], [Verbyla 1999] [Davis 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] [Lewis 1996]; [Lewis 1999] Wilkinson, Ross ACM-CSHT publications, "Automatic link generation"; [Wilkinson 1999] bibliographic references, [Fuller 1993]; [Wilkinson 1999] Will, H. bibliographic references, [Terveen 1998]; [Mukherjea 1999] Willett, Peter ACM-CSHT publications, "Inter-linker Cmnsistency in the manual construction of hypertext documents"; [Furner 1999] bibliographic references [Ellis 1993]; [Furner 1999] [Ellis 1994]; [Furner 1999], [Wilkinson 1999] [Ellis 1996]; [Furner 1999] [Furner 1996]; [Furner 1999] [Willett 1987]; [Furner 1999] Williams, J. G. bibliographic references, [Olsen 1993]; [Benford 1999] windows transpointing overview; [Nelson 1999k] [Transpointing 2000] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Winograd, Terry bibliographic references [Brin 1998]; [Li 1999] [Cousins 1997]; [Shipman 1999a] [Röscheisen 1995]; [Verbyla 1999] [Röscheisen 1995]; [Cailliau 1999] Witham, Steve as Xanadu designer; [Nelson 1999k] Wood A. M. bibliographic references, [Hendley 1995]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Benford 1999] Wood, Lauren bibliographic references [Wood 1998]; [DeRose 1999a] [Wood 1999]; [DeRose 1999a] word-proposition links, in Parunak's taxonomy; [Kopak 1999] WordNet database [Beckwith 1991] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] [Fellbaum 1998] bibliographic reference; [Green 1999a] lexical chaining use; [Green 1999a] problems with; [Green 1999a] work/working, hypermedia research reflection of; [Wiil 1999c] processes hypertext value-added features, [Noll 1996] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] hypertext value-added features, [Noll 1999] bibliographic reference; [Bieber 1999a] Web-based workspaces, spatial hypertext contribution to; [Shipman 1999a] workflow versioning issues; [Vitali 1999] writing/writers collaborative, capturing divergent views in hypertext link topologies; [Bernstein 1999] transpointing window use for; [Nelson 1999k] Wu, H. bibliographic references, [De Bra 1999]; [De Bra 1999] Wugofski, Ted bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] WWW (World Wide Web) alternatives, See Hyper-G Xanadu alternatives to, Hyper-G, [Maurer 1996] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] automatic resource discovery; [Chakrabarti 1999d] [Berners-Lee 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] broken links correction issues; [Davis 1999a] Hyper-G vs. Distributed Link Service strategies; [Carr 1999] browser encapsulation [Anderson 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] [Verbyla 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] browsing session 3D map construction, [Snowdon 1997] bibliographic reference; [Benford 1999] communities; [Kleinberg 1999] content search integration with structure analysis, for hypermedia retrieval and management; [Li 1999] development, [Berners-Lee et al. 1994] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] Devise HyperMedia system support for; [Carr 1999] disorientation concerns, [Morville 1998] bibliographic reference; [Bernstein 1999] dynamic hypertext barriers; [Bernstein 1999] ecologies, visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] educational microworlds, Exploratories project development of; [van Dam 1999] as electronic journal delivery medium; [Treloar 1999] enhancement tools, See 3D visualization applets Java evolution, visualization techniques; [Mukherjea 1999] generic portals, limitations of for WWW searching; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Google search engine, influence weight balancing strategies; [Kleinberg 1999] hierarchies as filtering technique for; [Mukherjea 1999] history of hypertext in; [Cailliau 1999] HTML browsers, link traversal behavior; [Hardman 1999a] HyperDisco support; [Carr 1999] hypertext capabilities criticisms of, [Bieber 1997a] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] criticisms of, [Lowe 1999a] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] criticisms of, [Nürnberg 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] hypertext enhancement proposals, [Davis 1994] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] hypertext structure and the; [Bernstein 1999] information retrieval techniques as information space simplification technique; [Mukherjea 1999] [Pitkow 1997] bibliographic reference; [Mukherjea 1999] link integrity issues; [Davis 1999a] link taxonomy analysis, issues; [Kopak 1999] multipart page processing, Xanadu document delivery compared with; [Nelson 1999k] OHS research impact; [Wiil 1999c] [Anderson 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Carr et al. 1995] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] [Grønbæk et al. 1997] bibliographic reference; [Wiil 1999c] OOHDM applicability to; [Rossi 1999] problems with; [Nelson 1999k] query space, organizing; [Li 1999] scholarly communication as motivation for; [Treloar 1999] search information unit use; [Li 1999] visualization of; [Benford 1999] semantics, semantic linking relationship to; [Tudhope 1999] social network analysis application to; [Chakrabarti 1999d] static point-to-point links in; [Lewis 1999] structure discrete mathematics modeling of; [Kleinberg 1999] visualizing; [Benford 1999] transpublishing in, as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] Virtual Library, directory-based topic browsing at; [Chakrabarti 1999d] visualization 3D, overview of projects for; [Benford 1999] 3D, WebBook; [Mukherjea 1999] integration of content, structure, and use; [Mukherjea 1999] landscape metaphor use; [Mukherjea 1999] Xanadu relationship to; [Nelson 1999k] XLink relationship to XML on; [Lewis 1999] Xanadu See Also pioneer projects algorithms; [Nelson 1999k] concepts and design goals; [Nelson 1999k] design ideas, catalogue of, keyed to principal design list; [Nelson 1999k] Engelbart Symposium presentation; [Nelson 1998d] in the evolution of link concepts; [Lewis 1999] goals; [Nelson 1999k] history; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 1981] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] network and franchise ideas; [Carr 1999] philosophy; [Nelson 1999k] principal designs, catalogue of; [Nelson 1999k] reference version, xu88 as; [Nelson 1999k] source code, open source release; [Nelson 1999k] storage issues, versioning importance for; [Vitali 1999] summary; [Nelson 1999k] versioning as essential to system, [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Nelson 1987] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] strategies, [Nelson 1981] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] xanalogical storage issues, [Nelson 1999k] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [Xanadu 1970] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Xanadu 1972] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [Xanadu 1997] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] xanalogical structure concepts and design goals; [Nelson 1999k] support system for; [Nelson 1999k] "Xanalogical structure, needed now more than ever: parallel documents, deep links to content, deep versioning, and deep re-use"; [Nelson 1999k] "Xanalogical Structure, Needed Now More than Ever: ParallelDocuments, Deep Links to Content, Deep Versioning, and Deep Reuse"; [Nelson 1999k] Xerox PARC See Also FX Palo Alto Laboratory Xanadu compared with; [Nelson 1999k] XLibris, as active reading machine; [Furner 1999] XHTML fragment identifiers, [Pemberton 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] [Pemberton 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XLibris as active reading machine; [Furner 1999] [Price 1998] bibliographic reference; [Furner 1999] XLink standard [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Carr 1999] external link support [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] [DeRose 2000] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999] link database use with XML; [Lewis 1999] link semantics; [DeRose 1999a] [Maler 1998] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] separation of links from documents in; [Carr 1999] technical overview; [DeRose 1999a] as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] [XLink 1998] bibliographic reference; [Brailsford 1999] [XLink 1999] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999a] XML [Bray 1998] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] browser requirement; [Cailliau 1999] [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Lewis 1999] distributed cross-platform use, semantically-based retrieval role; [Tudhope 1999] document structure, (figure); [DeRose 1999a] documents, proximity searching in; [Li 1999] information modeling capabilities; [DeRose 1999a] Information Set Working Group, [Cowan 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] linking facilities; [DeRose 1999a] multiple-destination links in, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] SGML compared with, [DeRose 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] structure aid for hypertext conversion; [Wilkinson 1999] time integration with, SMIL Boston inclusion, [Ayars 1999] bibliographic reference; [Hardman 1999a] trees, modeling selections in; [DeRose 1999a] value for information visualization tools; [Mukherjea 1999] WWW impact, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Cailliau 1999] XLink relationship to; [Lewis 1999] XLink-conforming elements, attribute indication of; [DeRose 1999a] "XML Linking"; [DeRose 1999a] XPath standard [Clark 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] as HTML link alternative, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] syntax; [DeRose 1999a] technical overview; [DeRose 1999a] as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] XPointer relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] Xpointer standard axis and instance functionality, [Bray 1997] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] content reference issues, [W3C 1998b] bibliographic reference; [Davis 1999a] XPointer standard as HTML link alternative, [DeRose 1999] bibliographic reference; [Verbyla 1999] Xpointer standard technical overview; [DeRose 1999a] URI relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] as WWW hypertext standard; [DeRose 1999a] XPath expressions use with; [DeRose 1999a] XPath relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] XPointer standard [XPointer 1998] bibliographic reference; [Brailsford 1999] [XPointer 1999] bibliographic reference; [Vitali 1999a] XSL stylesheet standard [Deach 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] link semantics handling; [DeRose 1999a] link traversal behaviors [Deach 1999] bibliographic reference; [DeRose 1999a] XLink relationship to; [DeRose 1999a] XPath expressions use with; [DeRose 1999a] xu60 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu65 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu66 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu70 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu72 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu76 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu88 Xanadu version enfilade implementation; [Nelson 1999k] [FEBE1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu92 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xu99 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] xuArc Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k] Yahoo directory-based topic browsing at; [Chakrabarti 1999d] Yankelovich, Nicole bibliographic references [Utting 1989]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Bernstein 1999] [Yankelovich 1985]; [DeRose 1999a] [Yankelovich 1988]; [Shipman 1999a] Yee, Ka-Ping transpointing window implementation; [Nelson 1999k] Yildiz, R. bibliographic references [Yildiz 1993]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] [Yildiz 1994]; [Quentin-Baxter 1999] Yoder, Elise bibliographic references, [Akscyn 1988]; [Wiil 1999c] Yoo, Joonhee ACM-CSHT publications, "Hypermedia: a design philosophy"; [Bieber 1999] bibliographic references [Bieber 1999]; [Bieber 1999a] [Yoo 2000]; [Bieber 1999] York, W. bibliographic references, [Card 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999], [Shipman 1999a] Yu, Jin bibliographic references, [Ayars 1999]; [Hardman 1999a] Z39.50 standard distributed cross-platform use, semantically-based retrieval role; [Tudhope 1999] Zellweger, Polle T. bibliographic references [Buchanan 1993]; [Hardman 1999a] [Zellweger 1989]; [Reich 1999a], [Bernstein 1999] ZigZag [Gzigzag 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] [Nelson 2000] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] as Xanadu design idea, tagged to date and Xanadu design reference ID; [Nelson 1999k] [ZigZag 1999] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [ZigZag 1999a] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] [ZigZag 1999b] bibliographic references and URLs; [Nelson 1999k] Zuo, Z. bibliographic references, [Schaffer 1996]; [Mukherjea 1999] zx99 Xanadu version [FloatingWorld 1999] bibliographic reference and URL; [Nelson 1999k] zz86 Xanadu version Xanadu design, key features; [Nelson 1999k]